如何在VSCode+CMake项目中配置控制台运行参数？

在VSCode的CMake C++项目中，尝试给int main(int argc, char* argv[])传递控制台参数（如"hello world.txt"），但打印argc和argv时，始终仅能获取到exe的绝对路径这一个元素。试过在launch.json的args数组配置参数，也尝试用CMake的add_definition，均无效果。

配置文件 #

CMakeLists.txt #

cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.0.0)
project(firstProject VERSION 0.1.0)
set (CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD 20)
include(CTest)
include_directories(headers)
set(CMAKE_EXPORT_COMPILE_COMMANDS ON)
enable_testing()

add_executable(firstProject main.cpp ala.cpp "headers/ala.h")
set(CPACK_PROJECT_NAME ${PROJECT_NAME})
set(CPACK_PROJECT_VERSION ${PROJECT_VERSION})

include(CPack)

launch.json #

{
    "configurations": [
        //CMAKE ADDITIONAL CONFIGURATION
        {
            "name": "(gdb) Launch",
            "type": "cppdbg",
            "request": "launch",
            // Resolved by CMake Tools:
            "program": "${command:cmake.launchTargetPath}",
            "args": [],
            "stopAtEntry": false,
            "cwd": "${workspaceFolder}",
            "environment": [
                {

                    "name": "${workspaceFolder}",
                    "value": "$PATH:${command:cmake.launchTargetDirectory}"
                }
            ],
            "externalConsole": true,
            "MIMode": "gdb",
            "setupCommands": [
                {
                    "description": "Enable pretty-printing for gdb",
                    "text": "-enable-pretty-printing",
                    "ignoreFailures": true
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "name": "C/C++: g++.exe build and debug active file",
            "type": "cppdbg",
            "request": "launch",
            "program": "${fileDirname}\\${fileBasenameNoExtension}.exe",
            "args": [],
            "stopAtEntry": false,
            "cwd": "${fileDirname}",
            "environment": [],
            "externalConsole": false,
            "MIMode": "gdb",
            "miDebuggerPath": "C:\\msys64\\mingw64\\bin\\gdb.exe",
            "setupCommands": [
                {
                    "description": "Enable pretty-printing for gdb",
                    "text": "-enable-pretty-printing",
                    "ignoreFailures": true
                },
                {
                    "description": "Set Disassembly Flavor to Intel",
                    "text": "-gdb-set disassembly-flavor intel",
                    "ignoreFailures": true
                }
            ],
            "preLaunchTask": "C/C++: g++.exe build active file"
        }
    ],
    "version": "2.0.0"
}

解决方法 #

1. 选对调试配置 #

你有两个调试配置，其中(gdb) Launch是和CMake Tools关联的正确配置，而C/C++: g++.exe build and debug active file是针对单个文件的编译调试，和CMake项目无关。启动调试时必须选择(gdb) Launch配置（VSCode左下角的调试配置选择器可切换）。

2. 正确配置args数组 #

在(gdb) Launch配置的args中添加参数，注意带空格的参数要作为单独的数组元素：

// 传递两个独立参数
"args": ["hello", "world.txt"],
// 传递带空格的单个参数
"args": ["hello world.txt"],

3. 关于CMake的add_definitions #

add_definitions用于添加编译阶段的宏定义，和运行时的控制台参数完全无关，所以这个方法不适用，无需在CMake中做相关配置。

4. 修正environment配置错误 #

你的environment中name字段设置错误，应该是环境变量名（比如PATH），而非${workspaceFolder}，修正后：

"environment": [
    {
        "name": "PATH",
        "value": "$PATH:${command:cmake.launchTargetDirectory}"
    }
],

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者www987