M1芯片Mac导入darts模型遇OSError：libomp.dylib库未加载

报错核心信息 #

OSError: dlopen(/Users/sp/opt/anaconda3/envs/august/lib/python3.9/site-packages/lightgbm/lib_lightgbm.so, 0x0006): Library not loaded: /usr/local/opt/libomp/lib/libomp.dylib
Referenced from: /Users/sp/opt/anaconda3/envs/august/lib/python3.9/site-packages/lightgbm/lib_lightgbm.so
Reason: tried: '/usr/local/opt/libomp/lib/libomp.dylib' (no such file), '/usr/local/lib/libomp.dylib' (no such file), '/usr/lib/libomp.dylib' (no such file)

测试代码 #

import pandas as pd
import darts
from darts import TimeSeries

# Read a pandas DataFrame
df = pd.read_csv('/Users/sp/Documents/Skripsie/airline-passenger-traffic.csv')

# Create a TimeSeries, specifying the time and value columns
series = TimeSeries.from_dataframe(df, '1949-01', '112')

# Set aside the last 36 months as a validation series
train, val = series[:-36], series[-36:]

from darts.models import ExponentialSmoothing

完整报错栈 #

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/var/folders/51/7qn6p5813zd3dw8p2c_t3btr0000gn/T/ipykernel_68567/3838417146.py", line 1, in <module>
    from darts.models import ExponentialSmoothing
  File "/Users/sp/opt/anaconda3/envs/august/lib/python3.9/site-packages/darts/models/__init__.py", line 46, in <module>
    from darts.models.forecasting.gradient_boosted_model import LightGBMModel
  File "/Users/sp/opt/anaconda3/envs/august/lib/python3.9/site-packages/darts/models/forecasting/gradient_boosted_model.py", line 13, in <module>
    import lightgbm as lgb
  File "/Users/sp/opt/anaconda3/envs/august/lib/python3.9/site-packages/lightgbm/__init__.py", line 8, in <module>
    from .basic import Booster, Dataset, Sequence, register_logger
  File "/Users/sp/opt/anaconda3/envs/august/lib/python3.9/site-packages/lightgbm/basic.py", line 110, in <module>
    _LIB = _load_lib()
  File "/Users/sp/opt/anaconda3/envs/august/lib/python3.9/site-packages/lightgbm/basic.py", line 101, in _load_lib
    lib = ctypes.cdll.LoadLibrary(lib_path[0])
  File "/Users/sp/opt/anaconda3/envs/august/lib/python3.9/ctypes/__init__.py", line 460, in LoadLibrary
    return self._dlltype(name)
  File "/Users/sp/opt/anaconda3/envs/august/lib/python3.9/ctypes/__init__.py", line 382, in __init__
    self._handle = _dlopen(self._name, mode)
OSError: dlopen(/Users/sp/opt/anaconda3/envs/august/lib/python3.9/site-packages/lightgbm/lib_lightgbm.so, 0x0006): Library not loaded: /usr/local/opt/libomp/lib/libomp.dylib
  Referenced from: /Users/sp/opt/anaconda3/envs/august/lib/python3.9/site-packages/lightgbm/lib_lightgbm.so
  Reason: tried: '/usr/local/opt/libomp/lib/libomp.dylib' (no such file), '/usr/local/lib/libomp.dylib' (no such file), '/usr/lib/libomp.dylib' (no such file)

M1芯片Mac的brew默认安装路径是/opt/homebrew，而Anaconda环境的LightGBM默认查找/usr/local下的libomp，导致路径不匹配，以下是针对性修复方法：

1. 优先使用conda安装libomp #

直接在当前Anaconda环境中安装conda维护的libomp，避免跨环境路径问题：

conda activate august
conda install -c conda-forge libomp

2. 创建软链接映射brew安装的libomp路径 #

如果已经通过brew安装libomp，可将其路径映射到LightGBM查找的路径：

# 确保libomp已安装
brew install libomp
# 创建目标目录（若不存在）
sudo mkdir -p /usr/local/opt/libomp/lib
# 建立软链接
sudo ln -s /opt/homebrew/opt/libomp/lib/libomp.dylib /usr/local/opt/libomp/lib/libomp.dylib

3. 设置环境变量指定libomp位置 #

在Spyder中添加环境变量，让系统找到正确的libomp：

• 打开Spyder，进入Tools > Preferences > Python interpreter > Environment variables
• 添加变量：DYLD_LIBRARY_PATH，值为/opt/homebrew/opt/libomp/lib:$DYLD_LIBRARY_PATH
• 重启Spyder生效

也可在终端激活环境后临时设置：

conda activate august
export DYLD_LIBRARY_PATH=/opt/homebrew/opt/libomp/lib:$DYLD_LIBRARY_PATH

4. 手动编译适配M1的LightGBM（极端情况） #

若上述方法均无效，手动编译源码安装：

conda activate august
# 安装编译依赖
conda install -c conda-forge cmake gcc
# 克隆仓库并编译
git clone --recursive https://github.com/microsoft/LightGBM
cd LightGBM/python-package
python setup.py install --install-lib=$CONDA_PREFIX/lib/python3.9/site-packages

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者sjp00