Eclipse IDE运行正常，Maven构建后Shaded Jar报NoClassDefFoundError

DevOps 小满

2026-8-22

问题现象

IDE中运行正常：
IDE运行正常

Maven构建成功：

程序在IDE内运行正常，Maven构建也能顺利完成，其他同方式构建的程序均可正常运行，但打开生成的Shaded Jar文件时，抛出如下错误：

Exception in Application start method Exception in thread "JavaFX Application Thread" java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: com/sun/javafx/scene/control/skin/ButtonSkin
    at io.github.palexdev.materialfx.controls.MFXButton.createDefaultSkin(MFXButton.java:351)
    at javafx.scene.control.Control.doProcessCSS(Control.java:897)Caused by: java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: com.sun.javafx.scene.control.skin.ButtonSkin
    ... 21 moreException in thread "main" java.lang.RuntimeException: Exception in Application start method
    at com.sun.javafx.application.LauncherImpl.launchApplication1(LauncherImpl.java:900)
    at com.sun.javafx.application.LauncherImpl.lambda$launchApplication$2(LauncherImpl.java:195)
    Caused by: java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: com/sun/javafx/scene/control/skin/ButtonSkin
    at java.base/java.lang.ClassLoader.defineClass1(Native Method)
    at java.base/java.lang.ClassLoader.defineClass(ClassLoader.java:1013)
    at java.base/java.security.SecureClassLoader.defineClass(SecureClassLoader.java:150)
    at java.base/jdk.internal.loader.BuiltinClassLoader.defineClass(BuiltinClassLoader.java:862)
    at java.base/jdk.internal.loader.BuiltinClassLoader.findClassOnClassPathOrNull(BuiltinClassLoader.java:760)
     Caused by: java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: com.sun.javafx.scene.control.skin.ButtonSkin
    ... 21 more
     Exception in thread "main" java.lang.RuntimeException: Exception in Application start method
    at com.sun.javafx.application.LauncherImpl.launchApplication1(LauncherImpl.java:900)
    at com.sun.javafx.application.LauncherImpl.lambda$launchApplication$2(LauncherImpl.java:195)
    at java.base/java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:833)
    Caused by: java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: com/sun/javafx/scene/control/skin/ButtonSkin
    at com.sun.glass.ui.win.WinApplication._runLoop(Native Method)
    at com.sun.glass.ui.win.WinApplication.lambda$runLoop$3(WinApplication.java:174)
    ... 1 more
    Caused by: java.lang.ClassNotFoundException:com.sun.javafx.scene.control.skin.ButtonSkin
    ajava.base/jdk.internal.loader.BuiltinClassLoader.loadClass(BuiltinClassLoader.java:641java.base/jdk.internal.loader.ClassLoaders$AppClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoaders.java:188)
    at java.base/java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:521)
    ... 48 more

项目目录结构

danielproject
├───src
│   ├───main
│       ├───java
│       │   ├───com
│       │   │   │   └───prajan
│       │   │   │       └───danielproject
│       │   │   └───DBConnection
│       │   └───resources
│       │       └───danielproject

POM文件内容

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
     xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
     xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

<groupId>com.prajan</groupId>
<artifactId>danielproject</artifactId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
<packaging>jar</packaging>

<properties>
    <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
</properties>

<dependencies>
     <dependency>
        <groupId>org.glavo.materialfx</groupId>
        <artifactId>materialfx</artifactId>
        <version>11.13.5</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
          <groupId>mysql</groupId>
         <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
        <version>8.0.28</version>
    </dependency>
   <dependency>
        <groupId>org.openjfx</groupId>
        <artifactId>javafx-controls</artifactId>
        <version>15.0.1</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.openjfx</groupId>
        <artifactId>javafx-fxml</artifactId>
        <version>15.0.1</version>
    </dependency>
</dependencies>

<build>
    <plugins>
        <plugin>
            <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
            <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
            <version>3.8.0</version>
          <configuration>

                    <source>11</source>

                        <target>11</target>

        </configuration>
        </plugin>

        <plugin>
            <groupId>org.codehaus.mojo</groupId>
            <artifactId>exec-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            <version>1.2.1</version>
            <executions>
                <execution>
                    <goals>
                        <goal>java</goal>
                    </goals>
                </execution>
            </executions>
            <configuration>
                  <mainClass>com.prajan.danielproject.Launcher</mainClass>
            </configuration>
        </plugin>

        <plugin>
            <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
            <artifactId>maven-shade-plugin</artifactId>
            <version>3.0.0</version>
            


            <executions>
                <execution>
                    <phase>package</phase>
                    <goals>
                        <goal>shade</goal>
                    </goals>
                    <configuration>
                    <shadedArtifactAttached>true</shadedArtifactAttached>
                        <transformers>
                            <transformer
                                    implementation="org.apache.maven.plugins.shade.resource.ManifestResourceTransformer">
                               <mainClass>com.prajan.danielproject.Launcher</mainClass>
                            </transformer>
                        </transformers>
                    </configuration>
                </execution>
            </executions>
        </plugin>
    </plugins>
</build>

</project>

Launcher类代码

package com.prajan.danielproject;

public class Launcher {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Main.main(args);

    }

}

问题原因及解决办法

原因分析

错误提示找不到com.sun.javafx.scene.control.skin.ButtonSkin，这个类属于JavaFX的内部私有API，JavaFX 11及后续版本中，这类内部API默认不会被打包到Shaded Jar中。而MaterialFX组件依赖了该内部类，导致运行时出现类缺失。同时，当前POM中的JavaFX未指定平台分类器，Maven仅下载基础Jar包，不包含平台相关的实现类，进一步加剧了类缺失问题。

解决步骤

为JavaFX依赖添加平台分类器
JavaFX是分平台的，需根据运行系统（Windows/Mac/Linux）添加对应分类器，以Windows为例修改POM：

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.openjfx</groupId>
    <artifactId>javafx-controls</artifactId>
    <version>15.0.1</version>
    <classifier>win</classifier>
</dependency>
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.openjfx</groupId>
    <artifactId>javafx-fxml</artifactId>
    <version>15.0.1</version>
    <classifier>win</classifier>
</dependency>

若需跨平台，可通过Maven Profiles配置不同平台的分类器。

调整maven-shade-plugin配置
升级插件版本并添加规则，确保JavaFX内部类和模块信息被正确打包：

<plugin>
    <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
    <artifactId>maven-shade-plugin</artifactId>
    <version>3.2.4</version>
    <executions>
        <execution>
            <phase>package</phase>
            <goals>
                <goal>shade</goal>
            </goals>
            <configuration>
                <shadedArtifactAttached>true</shadedArtifactAttached>
                <transformers>
                    <transformer implementation="org.apache.maven.plugins.shade.resource.ManifestResourceTransformer">
                        <mainClass>com.prajan.danielproject.Launcher</mainClass>
                    </transformer>
                    <transformer implementation="org.apache.maven.plugins.shade.resource.ServicesResourceTransformer"/>
                    <transformer implementation="org.apache.maven.plugins.shade.resource.JavaFXRuntimeModuleTransformer"/>
                </transformers>
                <filters>
                    <filter>
                        <artifact>*:*</artifact>
                        <includes>
                            <include>com/sun/javafx/**</include>
                            <include>module-info.class</include>
                        </includes>
                    </filter>
                </filters>
            </configuration>
        </execution>
    </executions>
</plugin>

修正Launcher启动方式
按照JavaFX 11+标准方式启动应用：

package com.prajan.danielproject;

import javafx.application.Application;

public class Launcher {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Application.launch(Main.class, args);
    }
}

确保Main类继承自javafx.application.Application。

重新构建项目
执行以下Maven命令清理并重新打包：

mvn clean package

之后运行生成的Shaded Jar文件即可。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者user19485562

Eclipse IDE运行正常，Maven构建后Shaded Jar报NoClassDefFoundError

问题现象 #

项目目录结构 #

POM文件内容 #

Launcher类代码 #

问题原因及解决办法 #