使用Infobip适配器对接WhatsApp时Bot Framework依赖注入报错

问题现象 #

启动基于Bot Framework开发的C#聊天机器人时，出现依赖注入失败错误，提示无法构造AdapterWithErrorHandler，原因是无法解析BotFrameworkAuthentication服务。

完整错误信息 #

Unhandled exception. System.AggregateException: Some services are not able to be constructed (Error while validating the service descriptor 'ServiceType: Microsoft.Bot.Builder.Integration.AspNet.Core.IBotFrameworkHttpAdapter Lifetime: Singleton ImplementationType: WhatsAppEchoBot.AdapterWithErrorHandler': Unable to resolve service for type 'Microsoft.Bot.Connector.Authentication.BotFrameworkAuthentication' while attempting to activate 'WhatsAppEchoBot.AdapterWithErrorHandler'.)
 ---> System.InvalidOperationException: Error while validating the service descriptor 'ServiceType: Microsoft.Bot.Builder.Integration.AspNet.Core.IBotFrameworkHttpAdapter Lifetime: Singleton ImplementationType: WhatsAppEchoBot.AdapterWithErrorHandler': Unable to resolve service for type 'Microsoft.Bot.Connector.Authentication.BotFrameworkAuthentication' while attempting to activate 'WhatsAppEchoBot.AdapterWithErrorHandler'.
 ---> System.InvalidOperationException: Unable to resolve service for type 'Microsoft.Bot.Connector.Authentication.BotFrameworkAuthentication' while attempting to activate 'WhatsAppEchoBot.AdapterWithErrorHandler'.

提供的代码片段 #

Startup.cs 配置代码 #

public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
{
    services.AddMvc().SetCompatibilityVersion(CompatibilityVersion.Version_2_1);

    services.AddSingleton<IBotFrameworkHttpAdapter, AdapterWithErrorHandler>();

    services.AddSingleton<InfobipWhatsAppAdapterOptions>();
    services.AddSingleton<IInfobipWhatsAppClient, InfobipWhatsAppClient>();

    services.AddSingleton<InfobipWhatsAppAdapter, InfobipHandler>();

    services.AddTransient<IBot, EchoBot>();
}

Infobip控制器代码 #

[Route("api/infobip/whatsapp")]
[ApiController]
public class InfobipController : ControllerBase
{
    private readonly InfobipWhatsAppAdapter Adapter;
    private readonly IBot Bot;

    public InfobipController(InfobipWhatsAppAdapter adapter, IBot bot)
    {
        Adapter = adapter;
        Bot = bot;
    }
    [HttpPost]
    public async Task PostAsync()
    {
        // Delegate the processing of the HTTP POST to the adapter.
        // The adapter will invoke the bot.
        await Adapter.ProcessAsync(Request, Response, Bot);
    }
}

Infobip适配器错误处理类代码 #

public InfobipHandler(InfobipWhatsAppAdapterOptions infobipWhatsAppOptions, 
IInfobipWhatsAppClient infobipWhatsAppClient, ILogger<InfobipHandler> logger)
      : base(infobipWhatsAppOptions, infobipWhatsAppClient, logger)
    {
        OnTurnError = async (turnContext, exception) =>
        {
            OnTurnError = async (turnContext, exception) =>
            {
                // Log any leaked exception from the application.
                logger.LogError($"Exception caught : {exception.Message}");

                // Send a catch-all apology to the user.
                await turnContext.SendActivityAsync("Sorry, it looks like something went wrong.");
            };
        };

    }

解决方案 #

核心问题 #

你同时注册了标准Bot Framework的IBotFrameworkHttpAdapter实现（AdapterWithErrorHandler）和Infobip适配器，但标准适配器依赖BotFrameworkAuthentication服务，而对接Infobip渠道时并不需要这个标准适配器，导致DI容器无法找到对应依赖而报错。

修正步骤 #

1. 移除标准适配器注册：删除Startup.cs中services.AddSingleton<IBotFrameworkHttpAdapter, AdapterWithErrorHandler>();这一行，因为你实际使用的是Infobip适配器，不需要标准Bot Framework HTTP适配器。
2. 修正错误处理逻辑：InfobipHandler中存在嵌套的OnTurnError赋值，会导致逻辑重复，需要移除内层赋值。

修改后的代码 #

Startup.cs

public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
{
    services.AddMvc().SetCompatibilityVersion(CompatibilityVersion.Version_2_1);

    // 移除标准适配器注册，避免依赖冲突
    // services.AddSingleton<IBotFrameworkHttpAdapter, AdapterWithErrorHandler>();

    services.AddSingleton<InfobipWhatsAppAdapterOptions>();
    services.AddSingleton<IInfobipWhatsAppClient, InfobipWhatsAppClient>();

    services.AddSingleton<InfobipWhatsAppAdapter, InfobipHandler>();

    services.AddTransient<IBot, EchoBot>();
}

InfobipHandler

public InfobipHandler(InfobipWhatsAppAdapterOptions infobipWhatsAppOptions, 
IInfobipWhatsAppClient infobipWhatsAppClient, ILogger<InfobipHandler> logger)
      : base(infobipWhatsAppOptions, infobipWhatsAppClient, logger)
{
    OnTurnError = async (turnContext, exception) =>
    {
        // Log any leaked exception from the application.
        logger.LogError($"Exception caught : {exception.Message}");

        // Send a catch-all apology to the user.
        await turnContext.SendActivityAsync("Sorry, it looks like something went wrong.");
    };
}

说明 #

• 对接Infobip渠道时，只需要注册Infobip相关的适配器和服务，标准Bot Framework适配器的依赖（如BotFrameworkAuthentication）并非必需，移除后即可解决启动报错。
• 修正OnTurnError的嵌套赋值，确保错误处理逻辑能正常执行。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者hamzah jazi