基于多列计数的堆叠柱状图绘制问题（R语言）

步骤1：数据格式转换 #

要绘制堆叠柱状图，首先得把宽格式数据转成适合统计的长格式，用tidyverse包（包含dplyr和tidyr）即可完成：

# 加载工具包
library(tidyverse)

# 转换数据格式并统计各等级出现次数
count_df <- df %>%
  # 将所有列转为"列名-等级"的长表结构
  pivot_longer(everything(), names_to = "column", values_to = "level") %>%
  # 按列名和等级分组，统计次数
  count(column, level)

转换后的count_df核心结构示例：

步骤2：绘制堆叠柱状图 #

用ggplot2绘制垂直堆叠柱状图，若要转为你需要的水平样式，只需添加coord_flip()：

# 垂直堆叠柱状图
ggplot(count_df, aes(x = column, y = n, fill = level)) +
  geom_col(position = "stack") +
  labs(x = "列名", y = "出现次数", fill = "等级") +
  theme_minimal()

# 水平堆叠柱状图（最终目标样式）
ggplot(count_df, aes(x = column, y = n, fill = level)) +
  geom_col(position = "stack") +
  labs(x = "列名", y = "出现次数", fill = "等级") +
  theme_minimal() +
  coord_flip()

完整可运行代码（含示例数据） #

如果需要直接验证效果，可使用包含你提供数据的完整代码：

library(tidyverse)

# 构造你提供的示例数据
df <- tibble(
  a = c("High", "High", "High", "High"),
  b = c("Low", "Medium", "Low", "Medium"),
  c = c("High", "Low", "High", "Low"),
  d = c("Medium", "High", "Medium", "High"),
  e = c("Low", "Medium", "Low", "High"),
  f = c("High", "Low", "High", "Medium")
)

# 数据转换与计数
count_df <- df %>%
  pivot_longer(everything(), names_to = "column", values_to = "level") %>%
  count(column, level)

# 绘制水平堆叠柱状图
ggplot(count_df, aes(x = column, y = n, fill = level)) +
  geom_col(position = "stack") +
  labs(x = "列名", y = "出现次数", fill = "等级") +
  theme_minimal() +
  coord_flip()

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者harry1027