Buildozer执行最后命令失败，Kivy开发新手求助解决方案

问题背景 #

作为Kivy Python开发新手，使用Buildozer进行安卓打包时最后一条命令执行失败，已安装python3-pip、python-distutils、cython、kivy、buildozer等依赖，但问题依旧。

错误信息与环境变量 #

# Command failed: ['/usr/bin/python3', '-m', 'pythonforandroid.toolchain', 'create', '--dist_name=myapp', '--bootstrap=sdl2', '--requirements=python3,kivy', '--arch=arm64-v8a', '--arch=armeabi-v7a', '--copy-libs', '--color=always', '--storage-dir=/home/derfacn/Рабочий стол/tk/.buildozer/android/platform/build-arm64-v8a_armeabi-v7a', '--ndk-api=21', '--ignore-setup-py', '--debug']
# ENVIRONMENT:
#     SHELL = '/bin/bash'
#     SESSION_MANAGER = 'local/derfacn-Box:@/tmp/.ICE-unix/1632,unix/derfacn-Box:/tmp/.ICE-unix/1632'
#     WINDOWID = '62914563'
#     QT_ACCESSIBILITY = '1'
#     COLORTERM = 'truecolor'
#     XDG_CONFIG_DIRS = '/etc/xdg/xdg-xubuntu:/etc/xdg:/etc/xdg'
#     XDG_SESSION_PATH = '/org/freedesktop/DisplayManager/Session1'
#     XDG_MENU_PREFIX = 'xfce-'
#     CLUTTER_BACKEND = 'x11'
#     LANGUAGE = 'ru_RU:ru'
#     LC_ADDRESS = 'de_DE.UTF-8'
#     LC_NAME = 'de_DE.UTF-8'
#     SSH_AUTH_SOCK = '/run/user/1000/keyring/ssh'
#     DESKTOP_SESSION = 'xubuntu'
#     LC_MONETARY = 'de_DE.UTF-8'
#     XDG_SEAT = 'seat0'
#     PWD = '/home/derfacn/Рабочий стол/tk'
#     LOGNAME = 'derfacn'
#     XDG_SESSION_DESKTOP = 'xubuntu'
#     QT_QPA_PLATFORMTHEME = 'gtk2'
#     XDG_SESSION_TYPE = 'x11'
#     GPG_AGENT_INFO = '/run/user/1000/gnupg/S.gpg-agent:0:1'
#     XAUTHORITY = '/home/derfacn/.Xauthority'
#     XDG_GREETER_DATA_DIR = '/var/lib/lightdm-data/derfacn'
#     GDM_LANG = 'ru'
#     HOME = '/home/derfacn'
#     LC_PAPER = 'de_DE.UTF-8'
#     LANG = 'ru_RU.UTF-8'
#     LS_COLORS = 'rs=0:di=01;34:ln=01;36:mh=00:pi=40;33:so=01;35:do=01;35:bd=40;33;01:cd=40;33;01:or=40;31;01:mi=00:su=37;41:sg=30;43:ca=30;41:tw=30;42:ow=34;42:st=37;44:ex=01;32:*.tar=01;31:*.tgz=01;31:*.arc=01;31:*.arj=01;31:*.taz=01;31:*.lha=01;31:*.lz4=01;31:*.lzh=01;31:*.lzma=01;31:*.tlz=01;31:*.txz=01;31:*.tzo=01;31:*.t7z=01;31:*.zip=01;31:*.z=01;31:*.dz=01;31:*.gz=01;31:*.lrz=01;31:*.lz=01;31:*.lzo=01;31:*.xz=01;31:*.zst=01;31:*.tzst=01;31:*.bz2=01;31:*.bz=01;31:*.tbz=01;31:*.tbz2=01;31:*.tz=01;31:*.deb=01;31:*.rpm=01;31:*.jar=01;31:*.war=01;31:*.ear=01;31:*.sar=01;31:*.rar=01;31:*.alz=01;31:*.ace=01;31:*.zoo=01;31:*.cpio=01;31:*.7z=01;31:*.rz=01;31:*.cab=01;31:*.wim=01;31:*.swm=01;31:*.dwm=01;31:*.esd=01;31:*.jpg=01;35:*.jpeg=01;35:*.mjpg=01;35:*.mjpeg=01;35:*.gif=01;35:*.bmp=01;35:*.pbm=01;35:*.pgm=01;35:*.ppm=01;35:*.tga=01;35:*.xbm=01;35:*.xpm=01;35:*.tif=01;35:*.tiff=01;35:*.png=01;35:*.svg=01;35:*.svgz=01;35:*.mng=01;35:*.pcx=01;35:*.mov=01;35:*.mpg=01;35:*.mpeg=01;35:*.m2v=01;35:*.mkv=01;35:*.webm=01;35:*.webp=01;35:*.ogm=01;35:*.mp4=01;35:*.m4v=01;35:*.mp4v=01;35:*.vob=01;35:*.qt=01;35:*.nuv=01;35:*.wmv=01;35:*.asf=01;35:*.rm=01;35:*.rmvb=01;35:*.flc=01;35:*.avi=01;35:*.fli=01;35:*.flv=01;35:*.gl=01;35:*.dl=01;35:*.xcf=01;35:*.xwd=01;35:*.yuv=01;35:*.cgm=01;35:*.emf=01;35:*.ogv=01;35:*.ogx=01;35:*.aac=00;36:*.au=00;36:*.flac=00;36:*.m4a=00;36:*.mid=00;36:*.midi=00;36:*.mka=00;36:*.mp3=00;36:*.mpc=00;36:*.ogg=00;36:*.ra=00;36:*.wav=00;36:*.oga=00;36:*.opus=00;36:*.spx=00;36:*.xspf=00;36:'
#     XDG_CURRENT_DESKTOP = 'XFCE'
#     VTE_VERSION = '6800'
#     XDG_SEAT_PATH = '/org/freedesktop/DisplayManager/Seat0'
#     LESSCLOSE = '/usr/bin/lesspipe %s %s'
#     XDG_SESSION_CLASS = 'user'
#     TERM = 'xterm-256color'
#     LC_IDENTIFICATION = 'de_DE.UTF-8'
#     GTK_OVERLAY_SCROLLING = '0'
#     LESSOPEN = '| /usr/bin/lesspipe %s'
#     USER = 'derfacn'
#     DISPLAY = ':0.0'
#     SHLVL = '1'
#     LC_TELEPHONE = 'de_DE.UTF-8'
#     LC_MEASUREMENT = 'de_DE.UTF-8'
#     XDG_VTNR = '7'
#     XDG_SESSION_ID = 'c4'
#     XDG_RUNTIME_DIR = '/run/user/1000'
#     LC_TIME = 'de_DE.UTF-8'
#     XDG_DATA_DIRS = '/usr/share/xubuntu:/usr/share/xfce4:/usr/local/share:/usr/share:/var/lib/snapd/desktop:/usr/share'
#     PATH = '/home/derfacn/.buildozer/android/platform/apache-ant-1.9.4/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/games:/usr/local/games:/snap/bin'
#     GDMSESSION = 'xubuntu'
#     DBUS_SESSION_BUS_ADDRESS = 'unix:path=/run/user/1000/bus'
#     LC_NUMERIC = 'de_DE.UTF-8'
#     _ = '/usr/local/bin/buildozer'
#     OLDPWD = '/home/derfacn/Рабочий стол'
#     PACKAGES_PATH = '/home/derfacn/.buildozer/android/packages'
#     ANDROIDSDK = '/home/derfacn/.buildozer/android/platform/android-sdk'
#     ANDROIDNDK = '/home/derfacn/.buildozer/android/platform/android-ndk-r23b'
#     ANDROIDAPI = '27'
#     ANDROIDMINAPI = '21'
# 
# Buildozer failed to execute the last command
# The error might be hidden in the log above this error
# Please read the full log, and search for it before
# raising an issue with buildozer itself.
# In case of a bug report, please add a full log with log_level = 2

排查与解决步骤 #

• 获取详细错误日志：当前日志仅提示命令失败，无具体错误细节。修改buildozer.spec文件，设置log_level = 2，重新执行打包命令，获取完整错误信息，这是定位问题的核心。
• 移除路径中的特殊字符：项目路径包含俄语字符Рабочий стол，部分工具对非ASCII路径支持不佳。将项目移动到纯英文路径下，比如/home/derfacn/projects/tk，再尝试打包。
• 验证依赖版本兼容性：
  • 确认Cython版本符合要求，Buildozer对Cython版本有严格限制，建议安装cython==0.29.36（适配多数Kivy和python-for-android版本）。
  • 检查python-for-android版本，执行pip show python-for-android，若版本过旧，更新到稳定版：pip install --upgrade python-for-android。
• 清理Buildozer缓存：执行buildozer android clean删除旧的构建缓存，避免残留文件冲突，之后重新运行buildozer android debug。
• 检查NDK版本适配：当前使用NDK r23b，确认其与python-for-android支持的版本匹配。若存在兼容性问题，尝试切换到NDK r21e（Buildozer常用稳定版本）。
• 调整系统语言环境：当前系统混合俄语和德语区域设置，可能导致编码问题。临时设置终端语言为英文：export LANG=en_US.UTF-8，再执行打包命令。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Nikita