基于Aiogram的Telegram Bot：MongoDB余额功能与FSMStorage问题排查

我正在用Aiogram框架开发Telegram Bot，用MongoDB做数据库，实现用户余额查询与修改功能时遇到问题：用户发送/balance指令后，终端弹出FSMStorageWarning警告。以下是相关代码及报错信息，尝试多种方案未解决，请求协助。

余额功能代码 #

from aiogram import types
from db import collection
from loader import dp 
from states.balance_state import balance
from aiogram.dispatcher.filters.state import State, StatesGroup
from aiogram.dispatcher import FSMContext
import motor.motor_asyncio
from aiogram.contrib.fsm_storage.memory import MemoryStorage
import asyncio

storage=MemoryStorage()

@dp.message_handler(text='/balance', state = None)
async def change_balance(message: types.Message):
    await message.answer('Amount')
    await balance.amount.set()

async def check_balance(user_id: int, amount, now_balance):
    try:
        amount = int(amount)
        if now_balance + amount >= 0:
           await change_balance(user_id, amount)
           return True
        elif now_balance + amount < 0:
            return 'no money'
    except Exception:
        return False

@dp.message_handler(state=balance.amount)
async def change_balance(message: types.Message, state: FSMContext):
    user_id = message.chat.id
    answer = message.text
    await state.update_data(amount=answer)
    check_balance = await check_balance(user_id=user_id, amount=answer) 

    now_balance = collection.find_one({"_id" : user_id})["money"]
    new_balance = now_balance + answer
    collection.update_one({"_id" : user_id}, {"$set" : {"money" : new_balance}}) 

    if check_balance == 'no money':
        await message.answer('error ')
        await state.finish
    elif check_balance:
        await message.answer('Success')
        await state.finish
    else:
        await message.answer('error')
        await state.finish

数据库操作代码 #

collection = cluster.Mafia_users.user
async def add_user(user_id, username):
    date = datetime.now().date()
    collection.insert_one({
        "_id" : user_id,
        "name" : username,
        "date" : str(date),
        "money" : int(1),
    })

（cluster已连接，出于安全未展示连接代码）

终端报错信息 #

FSMStorageWarning: You haven’t set any storage yet so no states and no data will be saved.
You can connect MemoryStorage for debug purposes or non-essential data.
  await state.set_state(self.state)

核心问题：Storage未绑定到Dispatcher #

警告的直接原因是你创建了MemoryStorage实例，但没有将它传入Dispatcher的初始化参数中，导致FSM无法存储用户状态和数据。

步骤1：绑定Storage到Dispatcher

找到你的loader.py文件（你从该文件导入了dp），修改Dispatcher初始化代码，传入storage参数：

# loader.py示例代码
from aiogram import Bot, Dispatcher
from aiogram.contrib.fsm_storage.memory import MemoryStorage

API_TOKEN = '你的Bot Token'
storage = MemoryStorage()

bot = Bot(token=API_TOKEN)
dp = Dispatcher(bot, storage=storage)  # 关键：必须在此处传入storage

修复代码中的其他逻辑错误 #

除了警告，你的代码还有几个功能性问题需要修正：

1. 函数重名：两个函数都命名为change_balance，会导致函数覆盖，建议重命名第一个函数为prompt_balance_amount
2. 参数缺失：调用check_balance时未传入now_balance参数，会触发报错
3. 异步操作未加await：MongoDB的motor驱动方法是异步的，调用find_one和update_one时必须加await
4. 状态结束未执行：state.finish缺少括号，应改为await state.finish()
5. 字符串未转整数：用户输入的金额是字符串，直接和整数余额相加会报错，需先转为整数

修正后的余额功能代码示例：

from aiogram import types
from db import collection
from loader import dp 
from states.balance_state import balance
from aiogram.dispatcher import FSMContext
import asyncio

@dp.message_handler(text='/balance', state = None)
async def prompt_balance_amount(message: types.Message):
    await message.answer('请输入金额：')
    await balance.amount.set()

async def check_balance(amount: str, now_balance: int):
    try:
        amount_int = int(amount)
        if now_balance + amount_int >= 0:
            return True, amount_int
        else:
            return 'no money', amount_int
    except ValueError:
        return False, 0

@dp.message_handler(state=balance.amount)
async def process_balance_change(message: types.Message, state: FSMContext):
    user_id = message.chat.id
    answer = message.text
    
    # 获取当前用户余额
    user_data = await collection.find_one({"_id": user_id})
    if not user_data:
        await message.answer('用户不存在，请先注册')
        await state.finish()
        return
    now_balance = user_data["money"]
    
    # 校验金额
    check_result, amount_int = await check_balance(amount=answer, now_balance=now_balance)
    
    if check_result == 'no money':
        await message.answer('余额不足，无法完成操作')
        await state.finish()
    elif check_result:
        new_balance = now_balance + amount_int
        await collection.update_one({"_id": user_id}, {"$set": {"money": new_balance}})
        await message.answer(f'操作成功！当前余额：{new_balance}')
        await state.finish()
    else:
        await message.answer('请输入有效的数字金额')
        await state.finish()

验证 #

修改完成后重启Bot，发送/balance指令，警告会消失，余额修改功能也能正常运行。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者TetSigma