Selenium Java+TestNG启动Chrome报NoSuchMethodError，加Guava依赖无效求助

编写了如下Selenium测试方法，使用TestNG运行时无法启动Chrome浏览器，报错java.lang.NoSuchMethodError: 'java.util.stream.Collector com.google.common.collect.ImmutableList.toImmutableList()'。已在pom.xml中添加Guava 31.1-jre依赖，但问题仍未解决。

测试代码 #

@Test
public void test1()
{
    WebDriverManager.chromedriver().setup();
    WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();
    driver.get("https://www.google.com/");
    driver.findElement(By.name("q")).sendKeys("Automation", Keys.ENTER);
    driver.quit();
}

pom.xml依赖配置 #

<dependency>
   <groupId>com.google.guava</groupId>
   <artifactId>guava</artifactId>
   <version>31.1-jre</version>
</dependency>

错误堆栈 #

java.lang.NoSuchMethodError: 'java.util.stream.Collector 
com.google.common.collect.ImmutableList.toImmutableList()'
at org.openqa.selenium.remote.CapabilitiesUtils.makeW3CSafe(CapabilitiesUtils.java:98)
at org.openqa.selenium.remote.CapabilitiesUtils.makeW3CSafe(CapabilitiesUtils.java:70)
at java.base/java.util.stream.ReferencePipeline$7$1.accept(ReferencePipeline.java:271)
at java.base/java.util.Collections$2.tryAdvance(Collections.java:4747)
at java.base/java.util.Collections$2.forEachRemaining(Collections.java:4755)
at java.base/java.util.stream.AbstractPipeline.copyInto(AbstractPipeline.java:484)
at java.base/java.util.stream.AbstractPipeline.wrapAndCopyInto(AbstractPipeline.java:474)
at java.base/java.util.stream.ReduceOps$ReduceOp.evaluateSequential(ReduceOps.java:913)
at java.base/java.util.stream.AbstractPipeline.evaluate(AbstractPipeline.java:234)
at java.base/java.util.stream.ReferencePipeline.collect(ReferencePipeline.java:578)
at org.openqa.selenium.remote.DriverCommand.NEW_SESSION(DriverCommand.java:65)
at org.openqa.selenium.remote.RemoteWebDriver.startSession(RemoteWebDriver.java:230)
at org.openqa.selenium.remote.RemoteWebDriver.<init>(RemoteWebDriver.java:151)
at org.openqa.selenium.chromium.ChromiumDriver.<init>(ChromiumDriver.java:108)
at org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver.<init>(ChromeDriver.java:104)
at org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver.<init>(ChromeDriver.java:91)
at org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver.<init>(ChromeDriver.java:46)
at com.qa.tests.LoginPageTests.test1(LoginPageTests.java:20)
at java.base/jdk.internal.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
at java.base/jdk.internal.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
at java.base/jdk.internal.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
at java.base/java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:566)
at org.testng.internal.MethodInvocationHelper.invokeMethod(MethodInvocationHelper.java:132)
at org.testng.internal.TestInvoker.invokeMethod(TestInvoker.java:599)
at org.testng.internal.TestInvoker.invokeTestMethod(TestInvoker.java:174)
at org.testng.internal.MethodRunner.runInSequence(MethodRunner.java:46)
at org.testng.internal.TestInvoker$MethodInvocationAgent.invoke(TestInvoker.java:822)
at org.testng.internal.TestInvoker.invokeTestMethods(TestInvoker.java:147)
at org.testng.internal.TestMethodWorker.invokeTestMethods(TestMethodWorker.java:146)
at org.testng.internal.TestMethodWorker.run(TestMethodWorker.java:128)
at java.base/java.util.ArrayList.forEach(ArrayList.java:1541)
at org.testng.TestRunner.privateRun(TestRunner.java:764)
at org.testng.TestRunner.run(TestRunner.java:585)
at org.testng.SuiteRunner.runTest(SuiteRunner.java:384)
at org.testng.SuiteRunner.runSequentially(SuiteRunner.java:378)
at org.testng.SuiteRunner.privateRun(SuiteRunner.java:337)
at org.testng.SuiteRunner.run(SuiteRunner.java:286)
at org.testng.SuiteRunnerWorker.runSuite(SuiteRunnerWorker.java:53)
at org.testng.SuiteRunnerWorker.run(SuiteRunnerWorker.java:96)
at org.testng.TestNG.runSuitesSequentially(TestNG.java:1218)
at org.testng.TestNG.runSuitesLocally(TestNG.java:1140)
at org.testng.TestNG.runSuites(TestNG.java:1069)
at org.testng.TestNG.run(TestNG.java:1037)
at com.intellij.rt.testng.IDEARemoteTestNG.run(IDEARemoteTestNG.java:66)
at com.intellij.rt.testng.RemoteTestNGStarter.main(RemoteTestNGStarter.java:109)

解决方法 #

这个错误是Guava依赖版本冲突导致的——你手动添加的Guava 31.1-jre没有被优先加载，项目实际使用的是其他依赖（比如Selenium、TestNG或者WebDriverManager）引入的低版本Guava，而ImmutableList.toImmutableList()方法是在Guava 21.0及以上版本才有的。

按以下步骤排查解决：

• 查看依赖树，定位冲突版本
  执行Maven命令查看项目依赖树，找出哪个依赖引入了低版本Guava：

  mvn dependency:tree | findstr "guava"
  

  （Linux/macOS系统用grep替代findstr）

• 强制指定Guava版本
  在pom.xml中添加<dependencyManagement>节点，强制所有依赖使用你指定的Guava版本：

  <dependencyManagement>
      <dependencies>
          <dependency>
              <groupId>com.google.guava</groupId>
              <artifactId>guava</artifactId>
              <version>31.1-jre</version>
          </dependency>
      </dependencies>
  </dependencyManagement>
  

  这样Maven会优先使用这个版本，覆盖其他依赖引入的低版本。

• 排除冲突的低版本Guava
  如果你不想用dependencyManagement，也可以在引入冲突依赖时直接排除低版本Guava。比如如果是Selenium引入的，就在Selenium依赖里加排除：

  <dependency>
      <groupId>org.seleniumhq.selenium</groupId>
      <artifactId>selenium-java</artifactId>
      <version>你的Selenium版本</version>
      <exclusions>
          <exclusion>
              <groupId>com.google.guava</groupId>
              <artifactId>guava</artifactId>
          </exclusion>
      </exclusions>
  </dependency>
  

• 清理并重新构建项目
  执行Maven命令清理缓存，重新下载依赖：

  mvn clean install -U
  

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者user8971