Windows环境下需编译旧版R包安装失败问题求助

环境信息 #

• Windows 10
• R 4.1.3（2022-03-10）
• Rtools40已安装并配置环境变量至系统PATH

问题描述 #

为适配运行特定Shiny应用，需安装CRAN归档中的旧版R包，过程中出现编译错误：

初始错误（proxy v0.4-26） #

执行安装命令：

install_version("proxy", version = "0.4-26", repos = "http://lib.stat.cmu.edu/R/CRAN/")

核心错误：

C:\Users\Username\Onedrive\Documents\rtools40\mingw32\i686-w64-mingw32\bin\ld.exe: cannot open output file proxy.dll: No such file or directory
collect2.exe: error: ld returned 1 exit status
no DLL was created
ERROR: compilation failed for package 'proxy'

完整编译输出：

Downloading package from url: http://lib.stat.cmu.edu/R/CRAN//src/contrib/Archive/proxy/proxy_0.4-26.tar.gz

* installing *source* package 'proxy' ...

** package 'proxy' successfully unpacked and MD5 sums checked

** using staged installation

** libs

*** arch - i386

"C:/Users/Username/OneDrive/Documents/rtools40/mingw32/bin/"gcc  -I"C:/Users/Username/ONEDRI~1/DOCUME~1/R-41~1.3/include" -DNDEBUG          -O2 -Wall  -std=gnu99 -mfpmath=sse -msse2 -mstackrealign  -c apply.c -o apply.o

"C:/Users/Username/OneDrive/Documents/rtools40/mingw32/bin/"gcc  -I"C:/Users/Username/ONEDRI~1/DOCUME~1/R-41~1.3/include" -DNDEBUG          -O2 -Wall  -std=gnu99 -mfpmath=sse -msse2 -mstackrealign  -c arrayIndex.c -o arrayIndex.o

"C:/Users/Username/OneDrive/Documents/rtools40/mingw32/bin/"gcc  -I"C:/Users/Username/ONEDRI~1/DOCUME~1/R-41~1.3/include" -DNDEBUG          -O2 -Wall  -std=gnu99 -mfpmath=sse -msse2 -mstackrealign  -c distance.c -o distance.o

distance.c: In function 'ebinary':

distance.c:426:8: warning: suggest explicit braces to avoid ambiguous 'else' [-Wdangling-else]

     if (ISNAN(xy))

        ^

distance.c: In function 'cosine':

distance.c:473:8: warning: suggest explicit braces to avoid ambiguous 'else' [-Wdangling-else]

     if (ISNAN(xy))

        ^

"C:/Users/Username/OneDrive/Documents/rtools40/mingw32/bin/"gcc  -I"C:/Users/Username/ONEDRI~1/DOCUME~1/R-41~1.3/include" -DNDEBUG          -O2 -Wall  -std=gnu99 -mfpmath=sse -msse2 -mstackrealign  -c dll.c -o dll.o

"C:/Users/Username/OneDrive/Documents/rtools40/mingw32/bin/"gcc  -I"C:/Users/Username/ONEDRI~1/DOCUME~1/R-41~1.3/include" -DNDEBUG          -O2 -Wall  -std=gnu99 -mfpmath=sse -msse2 -mstackrealign  -c util.c -o util.o

C:/Users/Username/OneDrive/Documents/rtools40/mingw32/bin/gcc -shared -s -static-libgcc -o proxy.dll tmp.def apply.o arrayIndex.o distance.o dll.o util.o -LC:/Users/Username/ONEDRI~1/DOCUME~1/R-41~1.3/bin/i386 -lR

C:\Users\Username\OneDrive\Documents\rtools40\mingw32\i686-w64-mingw32\bin\ld.exe: cannot open output file proxy.dll: No such file or directory

collect2.exe: error: ld returned 1 exit status

no DLL was created

ERROR: compilation failed for package 'proxy'

* removing 'C:/Users/Username/OneDrive/Documents/R-4.1.3/library/proxy'

Warning message:

In i.p(...) :

  installation of package ‘C:/Users/Username/AppData/Local/Temp/RtmpSYvdjN/remotes2fb424c4689f/proxy’ had non-zero exit status

更新后错误（processx v3.5.3） #

将R、RStudio、Rtools卸载重装至同一目录并设置权限后，部分包成功安装，但processx v3.5.3仍失败：
执行命令：

install_version("processx", version = "3.5.3", repos = "http://lib.stat.cmu.edu/R/CRAN/")

核心错误：

C:/Users/Username/OneDrive/Documents/rtools40/mingw32/bin/../lib/gcc/i686-w64-mingw32/8.3.0/../../../../i686-w64-mingw32/bin/ld.exe: cannot find C:/Users/Username/OneDrive: Permission denied
C:/Users/Username/OneDrive/Documents/rtools40/mingw32/bin/../lib/gcc/i686-w64-mingw32/8.3.0/../../../../i686-w64-mingw32/bin/ld.exe: cannot find -: No such file or directory

完整编译输出：

install_version("processx", version = "3.5.3", repos = "http://lib.stat.cmu.edu/R/CRAN/")
Downloading package from url: http://lib.stat.cmu.edu/R/CRAN//src/contrib/Archive/processx/processx_3.5.3.tar.gz
* installing *source* package 'processx' ...
** package 'processx' successfully unpacked and MD5 sums checked
** using staged installation
** libs

*** arch - i386
"C:/Users/Username/OneDrive/Documents/rtools40/mingw32/bin/"gcc  -O2 -Wall  -std=gnu99 -mfpmath=sse -msse2 -mstackrealign  -Wall tools/px.c -o tools/px.exe
C:/Users/Username/OneDrive/Documents/rtools40/mingw32/bin/../lib/gcc/i686-w64-mingw32/8.3.0/../../../../i686-w64-mingw32/bin/ld.exe: cannot find C:/Users/Username/OneDrive: Permission denied
C:/Users/Username/OneDrive/Documents/rtools40/mingw32/bin/../lib/gcc/i686-w64-mingw32/8.3.0/../../../../i686-w64-mingw32/bin/ld.exe: cannot find -: No such file or directory
C:/Users/Username/OneDrive/Documents/rtools40/mingw32/bin/../lib/gcc/i686-w64-mingw32/8.3.0/../../../../i686-w64-mingw32/bin/ld.exe: cannot find OneDrive: No such file or directory
C:/Users/Username/OneDrive/Documents/rtools40/mingw32/bin/../lib/gcc/i686-w64-mingw32/8.3.0/../../../../i686-w64-mingw32/bin/ld.exe: cannot find OneDrive: No such file or directory
C:/Users/Username/OneDrive/Documents/rtools40/mingw32/bin/../lib/gcc/i686-w64-mingw32/8.3.0/../../../../i686-w64-mingw32/bin/ld.exe: cannot find OneDrive/Documents/rtools40/mingw32/bin/../lib/gcc/i686-w64-mingw32/8.3.0/../../../../i686-w64-mingw32/lib/../lib/default-manifest.o: No such file or directory
collect2.exe: error: ld returned 1 exit status
make: *** [Makevars.win:18: tools/px.exe] Error 1
ERROR: compilation failed for package 'processx'
* removing 'C:/Users/Username/OneDrive/Documents/R-4.1.3/library/processx'
Warning message:
In i.p(...) :
  installation of package ‘C:/Users/Username/AppData/Local/Temp/RtmpYrC9em/remotes35d836f16857/processx’ had non-zero exit status

无法安装的包列表 #

• classInt
• cli
• dplyr
• e1071
• farver
• geojsonsf
• htmltools
• openssl
• processx
• proxy
• ps
• raster
• Rcpp
• rlang
• roxygen2
• RSQLite
• s2
• sass
• sf
• sp
• terra
• testthat
• tibble
• xfun

解决建议 #

1. 迁移至无空格路径：将R、Rtools安装到不含空格的目录（如C:\R\R-4.1.3、C:\Rtools40）。OneDrive路径含空格，编译工具会将空格解析为参数分隔符，导致路径识别错误。
2. 优先安装二进制包：对于旧版包，优先使用对应R版本的二进制包安装，执行命令时添加type="binary"参数，避免源码编译。
3. 修改临时目录：设置R的临时目录至无空格路径，执行：

   Sys.setenv(TMPDIR="C:/Temp")
   

   确保临时目录存在且有读写权限。
4. 关闭OneDrive同步：编译过程中暂时关闭OneDrive实时同步，避免文件被锁定导致无法生成DLL文件。
5. 检查环境变量：确认Rtools的路径已正确添加至系统PATH，且无其他编译工具路径冲突；可通过Sys.which("gcc")验证gcc路径是否正确。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Pigeoncity22