PowerShell脚本出现CommandNotFoundException错误，求排查解决

问题背景 #

尝试使用以下基于bash风格的cURL脚本向AWS S3存储桶上传文件，但在PowerShell中执行时出现大量CommandNotFoundException等错误：

原脚本 #

#S3 parameters
$S3KEY="AKIAYZL7ANTULMU355OD"
$S3SECRET="AKIAYZL7ANTULMU355OD"
$S3BUCKET="quixel-ml-team-data"
$S3STORAGETYPE="STANDARD" #REDUCED_REDUNDANCY or STANDARD etc.
$AWSREGION="us-west-2"

file_path="C:\Users\DELL\AppData\Local\Temp\input_settings.txt"
aws_path="seam-removal\"
bucket="${S3BUCKET}"
date=$(date -R)
acl="x-amz-acl:private"
content_type="application/x-compressed-tar"
storage_type="x-amz-storage-class:${S3STORAGETYPE}"
string="PUT\n\n$content_type\n$date\n$acl\n$storage_type\n/$bucket$aws_path${file_path##/*/}"
signature=$(echo -en "${string}" | openssl sha1 -hmac "${S3SECRET}" -binary | base64)
curl -s --retry 3 --retry-delay 10 -X PUT -T "$file_path" \
    -H "Host: $bucket.${AWSREGION}.amazonaws.com" \
    -H "Date: $date" \
    -H "Content-Type: $content_type" \
    -H "$storage_type" \
    -H "$acl" \
    -H "Authorization: AWS ${S3KEY}:$signature" \
    "https://$bucket.${AWSREGION}.amazonaws.com$aws_path${file_path##/*/}"

报错信息 #

file_path=C:\Users\DELL\AppData\Local\Temp\input_settings.txt : The term
'file_path=C:\Users\DELL\AppData\Local\Temp\input_settings.txt' is not recognized as the name of a cmdlet, function,
script file, or operable program. Check the spelling of the name, or if a path was included, verify that the path is
correct and try again.
At C:\Users\DELL\Desktop\Abdullah Chand\quixel-ml-khalid-chand\script_upload_to_aws_using_curl.ps1:11 char:1
+ file_path="C:\Users\DELL\AppData\Local\Temp\input_settings.txt"
+ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
    + CategoryInfo          : ObjectNotFound: (file_path=C:\Us...ut_settings.txt:String) [], CommandNotFoundException
    + FullyQualifiedErrorId : CommandNotFoundException

aws_path=seam-removal\ : The term 'aws_path=seam-removal\' is not recognized as the name of a cmdlet, function, script
file, or operable program. Check the spelling of the name, or if a path was included, verify that the path is correct
and try again.
At C:\Users\DELL\Desktop\Abdullah Chand\quixel-ml-khalid-chand\script_upload_to_aws_using_curl.ps1:12 char:1
+ aws_path="seam-removal\"
+ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
    + CategoryInfo          : ObjectNotFound: (aws_path=seam-removal\:String) [], CommandNotFoundException
    + FullyQualifiedErrorId : CommandNotFoundException

bucket=${S3BUCKET} : The term 'bucket=${S3BUCKET}' is not recognized as the name of a cmdlet, function, script file,
or operable program. Check the spelling of the name, or if a path was included, verify that the path is correct and
try again.
At C:\Users\DELL\Desktop\Abdullah Chand\quixel-ml-khalid-chand\script_upload_to_aws_using_curl.ps1:13 char:1
+ bucket="${S3BUCKET}"
+ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
    + CategoryInfo          : ObjectNotFound: (bucket=${S3BUCKET}:String) [], CommandNotFoundException
    + FullyQualifiedErrorId : CommandNotFoundException

date=$(date -R) : The term 'date=$(date -R)' is not recognized as the name of a cmdlet, function, script file, or
operable program. Check the spelling of the name, or if a path was included, verify that the path is correct and try
again.
At C:\Users\DELL\Desktop\Abdullah Chand\quixel-ml-khalid-chand\script_upload_to_aws_using_curl.ps1:14 char:1
+ date=$(date -R)
+ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
    + CategoryInfo          : ObjectNotFound: (date=$(date -R):String) [], CommandNotFoundException
    + FullyQualifiedErrorId : CommandNotFoundException

acl=x-amz-acl:private : The term 'acl=x-amz-acl:private' is not recognized as the name of a cmdlet, function, script
file, or operable program. Check the spelling of the name, or if a path was included, verify that the path is correct
and try again.
At C:\Users\DELL\Desktop\Abdullah Chand\quixel-ml-khalid-chand\script_upload_to_aws_using_curl.ps1:15 char:1
+ acl="x-amz-acl:private"
+ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
    + CategoryInfo          : ObjectNotFound: (acl=x-amz-acl:private:String) [], CommandNotFoundException
    + FullyQualifiedErrorId : CommandNotFoundException

content_type=application/x-compressed-tar : The term 'content_type=application/x-compressed-tar' is not recognized as
the name of a cmdlet, function, script file, or operable program. Check the spelling of the name, or if a path was
included, verify that the path is correct and try again.
At C:\Users\DELL\Desktop\Abdullah Chand\quixel-ml-khalid-chand\script_upload_to_aws_using_curl.ps1:16 char:1
+ content_type="application/x-compressed-tar"
+ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
    + CategoryInfo          : ObjectNotFound: (content_type=ap...-compressed-tar:String) [], CommandNotFoundException
    + FullyQualifiedErrorId : CommandNotFoundException

storage_type=x-amz-storage-class:${S3STORAGETYPE} : The term 'storage_type=x-amz-storage-class:${S3STORAGETYPE}' is
not recognized as the name of a cmdlet, function, script file, or operable program. Check the spelling of the name, or
if a path was included, verify that the path is correct and try again.
At C:\Users\DELL\Desktop\Abdullah Chand\quixel-ml-khalid-chand\script_upload_to_aws_using_curl.ps1:17 char:1
+ storage_type="x-amz-storage-class:${S3STORAGETYPE}"
+ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
    + CategoryInfo          : ObjectNotFound: (storage_type=x-...{S3STORAGETYPE}:String) [], CommandNotFoundException
    + FullyQualifiedErrorId : CommandNotFoundException

string=PUT\n\n$content_type\n$date\n$acl\n$storage_type\n/$bucket$aws_path${file_path##/*/} : The module 'string=PUT'
could not be loaded. For more information, run 'Import-Module string=PUT'.
At C:\Users\DELL\Desktop\Abdullah Chand\quixel-ml-khalid-chand\script_upload_to_aws_using_curl.ps1:18 char:1
+ string="PUT\n\n$content_type\n$date\n$acl\n$storage_type\n/$bucket$aw ...
+ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
    + CategoryInfo          : ObjectNotFound: (string=PUT\n\n$...file_path##/*/}:String) [], CommandNotFoundException
    + FullyQualifiedErrorId : CouldNotAutoLoadModule

signature=$(echo -en "${string}" | openssl sha1 -hmac "${S3SECRET}" -binary | base64) : The term 'signature=$(echo -en
"${string}" | openssl sha1 -hmac "${S3SECRET}" -binary | base64)' is not recognized as the name of a cmdlet, function,
script file, or operable program. Check the spelling of the name, or if a path was included, verify that the path is
correct and try again.
At C:\Users\DELL\Desktop\Abdullah Chand\quixel-ml-khalid-chand\script_upload_to_aws_using_curl.ps1:19 char:1
+ signature=$(echo -en "${string}" | openssl sha1 -hmac "${S3SECRET}" - ...
+ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
    + CategoryInfo          : ObjectNotFound: (signature=$(ech...inary | base64):String) [], CommandNotFoundException
    + FullyQualifiedErrorId : CommandNotFoundException

Invoke-WebRequest : Parameter cannot be processed because the parameter name 'T' is ambiguous. Possible matches
include: -TimeoutSec -TransferEncoding.
At C:\Users\DELL\Desktop\Abdullah Chand\quixel-ml-khalid-chand\script_upload_to_aws_using_curl.ps1:20 char:43
+ curl -s --retry 3 --retry-delay 10 -X PUT -T "$file_path" \
+                                           ~~
    + CategoryInfo          : InvalidArgument: (:) [Invoke-WebRequest], ParameterBindingException
    + FullyQualifiedErrorId : AmbiguousParameter,Microsoft.PowerShell.Commands.InvokeWebRequestCommand

-H : The term '-H' is not recognized as the name of a cmdlet, function, script file, or operable program. Check the
spelling of the name, or if a path was included, verify that the path is correct and try again.
At C:\Users\DELL\Desktop\Abdullah Chand\quixel-ml-khalid-chand\script_upload_to_aws_using_curl.ps1:21 char:5
+     -H "Host: $bucket.${AWSREGION}.amazonaws.com" \
+     ~~
    + CategoryInfo          : ObjectNotFound: (-H:String) [], CommandNotFoundException
    + FullyQualifiedErrorId : CommandNotFoundException

-H : The term '-H' is not recognized as the name of a cmdlet, function, script file, or operable program. Check the
spelling of the name, or if a path was included, verify that the path is correct and try again.
At C:\Users\DELL\Desktop\Abdullah Chand\quixel-ml-khalid-chand\script_upload_to_aws_using_curl.ps1:22 char:5
+     -H "Date: $date" \
+     ~~
    + CategoryInfo          : ObjectNotFound: (-H:String) [], CommandNotFoundException
    + FullyQualifiedErrorId : CommandNotFoundException

-H : The term '-H' is not recognized as the name of a cmdlet, function, script file, or operable program. Check the
spelling of the name, or if a path was included, verify that the path is correct and try again.
At C:\Users\DELL\Desktop\Abdullah Chand\quixel-ml-khalid-chand\script_upload_to_aws_using_curl.ps1:23 char:5
+     -H "Content-Type: $content_type" \
+     ~~
    + CategoryInfo          : ObjectNotFound: (-H:String) [], CommandNotFoundException
    + FullyQualifiedErrorId : CommandNotFoundException

-H : The term '-H' is not recognized as the name of a cmdlet, function, script file, or operable program. Check the
spelling of the name, or if a path was included, verify that the path is correct and try again.
At C:\Users\DELL\Desktop\Abdullah Chand\quixel-ml-khalid-chand\script_upload_to_aws_using_curl.ps1:24 char:5
+     -H "$storage_type" \
+     ~~
    + CategoryInfo          : ObjectNotFound: (-H:String) [], CommandNotFoundException
    + FullyQualifiedErrorId : CommandNotFoundException

-H : The term '-H' is not recognized as the name of a cmdlet, function, script file, or operable program. Check the
spelling of the name, or if a path was included, verify that the path is correct and try again.
At C:\Users\DELL\Desktop\Abdullah Chand\quixel-ml-khalid-chand\script_upload_to_aws_using_curl.ps1:25 char:5
+     -H "$acl" \
+     ~~
    + CategoryInfo          : ObjectNotFound: (-H:String) [], CommandNotFoundException
    + FullyQualifiedErrorId : CommandNotFoundException

-H : The term '-H' is not recognized as the name of a cmdlet, function, script file, or operable program. Check the
spelling of the name, or if a path was included, verify that the path is correct and try again.
At C:\Users\DELL\Desktop\Abdullah Chand\quixel-ml-khalid-chand\script_upload_to_aws_using_curl.ps1:26 char:5
+     -H "Authorization: AWS ${S3KEY}:$signature" \
    + CategoryInfo          : ObjectNotFound: (-H:String) [], CommandNotFoundException
    + FullyQualifiedErrorId : CommandNotFoundException

错误原因分析 #

1. 变量赋值语法错误：PowerShell中变量必须以$开头，原脚本用了bash的变量名=值格式，PowerShell会把它当成命令执行，从而抛出CommandNotFoundException。
2. 命令替换与工具差异：
   • bash的$(date -R)在PowerShell中需要用Get-Date生成RFC1123格式的日期；
   • PowerShell中curl是Invoke-WebRequest的别名，不是真正的cURL工具，参数不兼容；
   • bash的字符串截取${file_path##/*/}在PowerShell中需要用Split-Path命令实现。
3. 字符串转义差异：bash的\n换行符在PowerShell双引号字符串中需要写成"n"`才能被正确解析。
4. 签名生成逻辑差异：bash的echo -en输出转义字符的方式在PowerShell中不适用，需要用[System.Text.Encoding]::UTF8.GetBytes()处理字符串后再生成签名。

修正后的PowerShell脚本 #

# S3参数配置
$S3KEY="AKIAYZL7ANTULMU355OD"
$S3SECRET="AKIAYZL7ANTULMU355OD"
$S3BUCKET="quixel-ml-team-data"
$S3STORAGETYPE="STANDARD" # 可选值：REDUCED_REDUNDANCY、STANDARD等
$AWSREGION="us-west-2"

# 文件路径配置
$file_path="C:\Users\DELL\AppData\Local\Temp\input_settings.txt"
$aws_path="seam-removal\"
$bucket=$S3BUCKET

# 生成RFC1123格式的日期
$date = Get-Date -Format "r"

# 请求头配置
$acl="x-amz-acl:private"
$content_type="application/x-compressed-tar"
$storage_type="x-amz-storage-class:$S3STORAGETYPE"

# 获取文件名（替代bash的${file_path##/*/}）
$file_name = Split-Path $file_path -Leaf

# 构造签名用的字符串
$string = "PUT`n`n$content_type`n$date`n$acl`n$storage_type`n/$bucket$aws_path$file_name"

# 生成HMAC-SHA1签名（base64编码）
$hmacsha1 = New-Object System.Security.Cryptography.HMACSHA1
$hmacsha1.Key = [System.Text.Encoding]::UTF8.GetBytes($S3SECRET)
$signatureBytes = $hmacsha1.ComputeHash([System.Text.Encoding]::UTF8.GetBytes($string))
$signature = [System.Convert]::ToBase64String($signatureBytes)

# 调用真正的cURL工具（如果已安装），或使用Invoke-WebRequest
# 注意：确保系统已安装cURL并添加到环境变量，否则用下方的Invoke-WebRequest版本替代
curl.exe -s --retry 3 --retry-delay 10 -X PUT -T "$file_path" `
    -H "Host: $bucket.$AWSREGION.amazonaws.com" `
    -H "Date: $date" `
    -H "Content-Type: $content_type" `
    -H "$storage_type" `
    -H "$acl" `
    -H "Authorization: AWS $S3KEY:$signature" `
    "https://$bucket.$AWSREGION.amazonaws.com$aws_path$file_name"

关键修改说明 #

• 变量赋值：所有变量前添加$，符合PowerShell语法。
• 日期生成：用Get-Date -Format "r"生成符合S3要求的RFC1123格式日期。
• 文件名截取：用Split-Path $file_path -Leaf获取文件的纯文件名，替代bash的字符串截取语法。
• 签名生成：直接用PowerShell的加密类生成HMAC-SHA1签名，避免依赖openssl命令行工具，更稳定。
• cURL调用：用curl.exe明确调用系统中的cURL工具，避免触发PowerShell的Invoke-WebRequest别名。

如果系统未安装cURL，可以用以下Invoke-WebRequest版本替代最后一段：

$headers = @{
    "Host" = "$bucket.$AWSREGION.amazonaws.com"