求助：无法在Mac上安装O'Reilly《R语言袖珍指南》配套nutshell包

Hey there! I totally get how frustrating it is when you’re following a learning book and hit a package installation roadblock. Let’s break down what’s going on and fix this step by step.

Why You’re Seeing This Error #

Your R version (3.2.1) is extremely outdated—released back in 2015—and it’s incompatible with both MacOS Catalina’s modern system libraries and the nutshell_2.0 package. Downgrading R was actually the wrong move here; Catalina doesn’t play nice with such old R versions, which is why even local archive installs are failing.

Step-by-Step Fixes #

Let’s start with the most critical fix first:

1. Upgrade your R version
   Revert back to R 4.0.2 (or even newer if possible—versions 4.1+ have better Catalina support). Old R versions on Catalina struggle with system-level dependencies, so upgrading will eliminate most compatibility issues right off the bat.

2. Install the nutshell package using devtools
   Once you’re on a newer R version, the easiest way to install archived packages is with the devtools package:

   • First, install devtools if you haven’t already:

     install.packages("devtools")
     

   • Then install the archived nutshell package directly from the URL:

     devtools::install_url("https://cran.r-project.org/src/contrib/Archive/nutshell/nutshell_2.0.tar.gz")
     

3. Manual Local Installation (If devtools Fails)
   If you still want to use the downloaded .tar.gz file:

   • Open RStudio, go to Tools > Install Packages
   • In the "Install from" dropdown, select Package Archive File (.tar.gz)
   • Navigate to your downloaded nutshell_2.0.tar.gz file and select it
   • If you get dependency errors, unpack the tar.gz file and check its DESCRIPTION file to see which packages are required. Install those dependencies first with install.packages("dependency_package_name").

4. Troubleshooting Dependencies
   If you run into errors about missing packages (like ggplot2, plyr, etc.), just install those dependencies first using install.packages()—newer R versions will pull compatible versions of these packages automatically.

Key Note #

Never downgrade R to match an old package on a modern OS like Catalina. Newer R versions are built to work with current system libraries, and most archived packages will still install correctly with tools like devtools.

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者SMH