Ubuntu 20.04下RMagick初始化报错：无法加载rvg/rvg求助

环境信息 #

• 系统：Ubuntu 20.04
• Ruby版本：

  ruby 2.7.2p137 (2020-10-01 revision 5445e04352) [x86_64-linux]
  

• Gem版本：

  gem --version
  3.1.4
  

• ImageMagick版本：

  convert --version
  Version: ImageMagick 6.9.10-23 Q16 x86_64
  

已执行操作 #

• 安装依赖包：

  sudo apt-get install libmagickwand-dev
  

• 成功通过sudo安装RMagick：

  sudo gem install rmagick
  Building native extensions. This could take a while...
  Successfully installed rmagick-4.2.6
  Parsing documentation for rmagick-4.2.6
  Done installing documentation for rmagick after 0 seconds
  1 gem installed
  

• 运行pheno_gram命令：

  ruby pheno_gram.rb -i phenogram-sample.txt -g human_genome.txt -Y cytoBand-human.txt -c exhaustive -p proximity -f png -p equal -o plot_phenogram -t "New Image"
  

• 尝试通过snap安装rvg库（失败）：

  sudo snap install hello-rvg --candidate
  

• 尝试无sudo安装RMagick（失败）：

  gem install rmagick
  Building native extensions. This could take a while...
  ERROR:  Error installing rmagick:
      ERROR: Failed to build gem native extension.
  
      current directory: /home/super/.rbenv/versions/2.7.2/lib/ruby/gems/2.7.0/gems/rmagick-4.2.6/ext/RMagick
  /home/super/.rbenv/versions/2.7.2/bin/ruby -I /home/super/.rbenv/versions/2.7.2/lib/ruby/2.7.0 -r ./siteconf20220827-10097-72cju5.rb extconf.rb
  checking for brew... no
  checking for pacman... yes
  checking for Ruby version >= 2.3.0... yes
  checking for pkg-config... yes
  checking for outdated ImageMagick version (<= 6.7.7)... no
  checking for /home/super/miniconda3/bin/x86_64-conda-linux-gnu-cc... yes
  *** extconf.rb failed ***
  Could not create Makefile due to some reason, probably lack of necessary
  libraries and/or headers.  Check the mkmf.log file for more details.  You may
  need configuration options.
  
  Provided configuration options:
      --with-opt-dir
      --without-opt-dir
      --with-opt-include
      --without-opt-include=${opt-dir}/include
      --with-opt-lib
      --without-opt-lib=${opt-dir}/lib
      --with-make-prog
      --without-make-prog
      --srcdir=.
      --curdir
      --ruby=/home/super/.rbenv/versions/2.7.2/bin/$(RUBY_BASE_NAME)
  /home/super/.rbenv/versions/2.7.2/lib/ruby/2.7.0/mkmf.rb:471:in `try_do': The compiler failed to generate an executable file. (RuntimeError)
  You have to install development tools first.
      from /home/super/.rbenv/versions/2.7.2/lib/ruby/2.7.0/mkmf.rb:564:in `try_link0'
      from /home/super/.rbenv/versions/2.7.2/lib/ruby/2.7.0/mkmf.rb:582:in `try_link'
      from extconf.rb:79:in `configure_compile_options'
      from extconf.rb:19:in `initialize'
      from extconf.rb:405:in `new'
      from extconf.rb:405:in `<main>'
  
  To see why this extension failed to compile, please check the mkmf.log which can be found here:
  
    /home/super/.rbenv/versions/2.7.2/lib/ruby/gems/2.7.0/extensions/x86_64-linux/2.7.0/rmagick-4.2.6/mkmf.log
  
  extconf failed, exit code 1
  
  Gem files will remain installed in /home/super/.rbenv/versions/2.7.2/lib/ruby/gems/2.7.0/gems/rmagick-4.2.6 for inspection.
  Results logged to /home/super/.rbenv/versions/2.7.2/lib/ruby/gems/2.7.0/extensions/x86_64-linux/2.7.0/rmagick-4.2.6/gem_make.out
  

遇到的错误 #

1. 运行pheno_gram时报错：

   cannot load such file -- rvg/rvg
   
   Please install RMagick -- See documentation for pheno_gram or http://rmagick.rubyforge.org/install-faq.html 
   

2. 无sudo安装RMagick时，提示缺少开发工具，无法编译原生扩展。

1. 解决rvg依赖问题 #

报错找不到rvg/rvg是因为需要安装rvg gem，而非snap包，执行以下命令：

sudo gem install rvg

如果使用rbenv管理Ruby，安装后需刷新环境：

rbenv rehash

2. 解决无sudo安装RMagick失败的问题 #

先安装Ubuntu基础编译工具包：

sudo apt-get install build-essential

由于你使用了miniconda，可能存在编译器路径冲突，安装时指定系统编译器：

CC=/usr/bin/gcc gem install rmagick

或者暂时禁用conda环境后再安装：

conda deactivate
gem install rmagick

3. 验证依赖加载 #

安装完成后，在Ruby控制台测试是否能正常加载依赖：

irb
require 'rmagick'
require 'rvg/rvg'

若没有报错，说明依赖加载正常，可重新运行pheno_gram命令。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Waqas Khokhar