Spring Boot控制器单元测试报错：无法找到UserRepository Bean

异常信息 #

Field repository in uk.co.circuare.cube.service.user.api.UserController required a bean of type 'uk.co.circuare.cube.service.user.repository.UserRepository' that could not be found.
The injection point has the following annotations:
    - @org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired(required=true)
Action:
Consider defining a bean of type 'uk.co.circuare.cube.service.user.repository.UserRepository' in your configuration.

相关代码 #

主类代码 #

@SpringBootApplication 
@ComponentScan({
    "uk.co.circuare.cube.service.user",
    "uk.co.circuare.cube.service.user.api",
    "uk.co.circuare.cube.service.api.advice"
}) 
public class Application {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(Application.class, args);
    }
}

RoleControllerTest代码 #

@WebMvcTest(controllers = RoleController.class)
public class RoleControllerTest {

    @Autowired
    private MockMvc mockMvc;

    @Autowired
    private ObjectMapper mapper;

    @MockBean
    private RoleRepository repository;
    
}

UserControllerTest代码 #

@WebMvcTest(controllers = UserController.class)
public class UserControllerTest {

    @Autowired
    private MockMvc mockMvc;

    @Autowired
    private ObjectMapper mapper;

    @MockBean
    private UserRepository repository;
}

问题原因及解决办法 #

核心原因 #

主类手动指定的@ComponentScan扫描范围漏掉了UserRepository所在的uk.co.circuare.cube.service.user.repository包。加上@WebMvcTest是切片测试，只会加载控制器相关Bean，不会自动触发Spring Data的Repository自动配置，导致测试上下文无法识别UserRepository类型的Bean（哪怕是你用@MockBean声明的Mock实例）。

具体解决步骤 #

任选一种即可：

1. 删除主类的@ComponentScan：@SpringBootApplication默认会扫描主类所在包及其所有子包，只要主类在uk.co.circuare.cube或更上层包，user.repository作为子包会被自动扫描。修改后主类：

   @SpringBootApplication 
   public class Application {
       public static void main(String[] args) {
           SpringApplication.run(Application.class, args);
       }
   }
   

2. 补充扫描包到@ComponentScan：把uk.co.circuare.cube.service.user.repository加入扫描列表：

   @ComponentScan({
       "uk.co.circuare.cube.service.user",
       "uk.co.circuare.cube.service.user.api",
       "uk.co.circuare.cube.service.api.advice",
       "uk.co.circuare.cube.service.user.repository"
   })
   

3. 测试类指定加载主类配置：给@WebMvcTest添加classes参数，确保测试上下文加载主类的配置：

   @WebMvcTest(controllers = UserController.class, classes = Application.class)
   public class UserControllerTest {
       // 原有代码保持不变
   }
   

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Muhammad Rizwan