如何将django-tailwind集成到Docker化的cookiecutter-django项目中？

问题描述 #

我是Docker新手，正尝试将django-tailwind集成到使用cookiecutter-django创建的Docker项目中却遭遇困难。我曾参照django-tailwind GitHub仓库示例应用的Docker配置修改自身的Dockerfile和local.yml文件，但未能成功，且官方文档除示例外的说明不够详细。以下是我的Dockerfile和local.yml配置：

Dockerfile #

ARG PYTHON_VERSION=3.9-slim-bullseye

# define an alias for the specfic python version used in this file.
FROM python:${PYTHON_VERSION} as python

# Python build stage
FROM python as python-build-stage

ARG BUILD_ENVIRONMENT=local

# Install apt packages
RUN apt-get update && apt-get install --no-install-recommends -y \
  # dependencies for building Python packages
  build-essential \
  # psycopg2 dependencies
  libpq-dev

# Requirements are installed here to ensure they will be cached.
COPY ./requirements .

# Create Python Dependency and Sub-Dependency Wheels.
RUN pip wheel --wheel-dir /usr/src/app/wheels  \
  -r ${BUILD_ENVIRONMENT}.txt


# Python 'run' stage
FROM python as python-run-stage

ARG BUILD_ENVIRONMENT=local
ARG APP_HOME=/app

ENV PYTHONUNBUFFERED 1
ENV PYTHONDONTWRITEBYTECODE 1
ENV BUILD_ENV ${BUILD_ENVIRONMENT}

WORKDIR ${APP_HOME}

# Install required system dependencies
RUN apt-get update && apt-get install --no-install-recommends -y \
  # psycopg2 dependencies
  libpq-dev \
  # Translations dependencies
  gettext \
  # cleaning up unused files
  && apt-get purge -y --auto-remove -o APT::AutoRemove::RecommendsImportant=false \
  && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*

# All absolute dir copies ignore workdir instruction. All relative dir copies are wrt to the workdir instruction
# copy python dependency wheels from python-build-stage
COPY --from=python-build-stage /usr/src/app/wheels  /wheels/

# use wheels to install python dependencies
RUN pip install --no-cache-dir --no-index --find-links=/wheels/ /wheels/* \
    && rm -rf /wheels/

COPY ./compose/production/django/entrypoint /entrypoint
RUN sed -i 's/\r$//g' /entrypoint
RUN chmod +x /entrypoint

COPY ./compose/local/django/start /start
RUN sed -i 's/\r$//g' /start
RUN chmod +x /start


COPY ./compose/local/django/celery/worker/start /start-celeryworker
RUN sed -i 's/\r$//g' /start-celeryworker
RUN chmod +x /start-celeryworker

COPY ./compose/local/django/celery/beat/start /start-celerybeat
RUN sed -i 's/\r$//g' /start-celerybeat
RUN chmod +x /start-celerybeat

COPY ./compose/local/django/celery/flower/start /start-flower
RUN sed -i 's/\r$//g' /start-flower
RUN chmod +x /start-flower


# copy application code to WORKDIR
COPY . ${APP_HOME}

ENTRYPOINT ["/entrypoint"]

local.yml #

version: '3'

volumes:
  uniqued_local_postgres_data: {}
  uniqued_local_postgres_data_backups: {}

services:
  django: &django
    build:
      context: .
      dockerfile: ./compose/local/django/Dockerfile
    image: uniqued_local_django
    container_name: uniqued_local_django
    platform: linux/x86_64
    depends_on:
      - postgres
      - redis
    volumes:
      - .:/app:z
    env_file:
      - ./.envs/.local/.django
      - ./.envs/.local/.postgres
    ports:
      - "8000:8000"
    command: /start

  postgres:
    build:
      context: .
      dockerfile: ./compose/production/postgres/Dockerfile
    image: uniqued_production_postgres
    container_name: uniqued_local_postgres
    volumes:
      - uniqued_local_postgres_data:/var/lib/postgresql/data:Z
      - uniqued_local_postgres_data_backups:/backups:z
    env_file:
      - ./.envs/.local/.postgres

  docs:
    image: uniqued_local_docs
    container_name: uniqued_local_docs
    platform: linux/x86_64
    build:
      context: .
      dockerfile: ./compose/local/docs/Dockerfile
    env_file:
      - ./.envs/.local/.django
    volumes:
      - ./docs:/docs:z
      - ./config:/app/config:z
      - ./uniqued:/app/uniqued:z
    ports:
      - "9000:9000"
    command: /start-docs

  redis:
    image: redis:6
    container_name: uniqued_local_redis

  celeryworker:
    <<: *django
    image: uniqued_local_celeryworker
    container_name: uniqued_local_celeryworker
    depends_on:
      - redis
      - postgres
    ports: []
    command: /start-celeryworker

  celerybeat:
    <<: *django
    image: uniqued_local_celerybeat
    container_name: uniqued_local_celerybeat
    depends_on:
      - redis
      - postgres
    ports: []
    command: /start-celerybeat

  flower:
    <<: *django
    image: uniqued_local_flower
    container_name: uniqued_local_flower
    ports:
      - "5555:5555"
    command: /start-flower

修改方案 #

1. 更新Dockerfile（添加Node.js依赖） #

django-tailwind需要Node.js和npm编译CSS，在Python运行阶段添加安装命令：

# Python 'run' stage
FROM python as python-run-stage

ARG BUILD_ENVIRONMENT=local
ARG APP_HOME=/app

ENV PYTHONUNBUFFERED 1
ENV PYTHONDONTWRITEBYTECODE 1
ENV BUILD_ENV ${BUILD_ENVIRONMENT}

WORKDIR ${APP_HOME}

# Install required system dependencies
RUN apt-get update && apt-get install --no-install-recommends -y \
  # psycopg2 dependencies
  libpq-dev \
  # Translations dependencies
  gettext \
  # 安装Node.js和npm用于django-tailwind
  curl \
  && curl -fsSL https://deb.nodesource.com/setup_18.x | bash - \
  && apt-get install -y nodejs \
  # cleaning up unused files
  && apt-get purge -y --auto-remove -o APT::AutoRemove::RecommendsImportant=false \
  && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*

# 其余代码保持不变

2. 修改local.yml（启动tailwind编译服务） #

修改django服务的command，让容器启动时自动安装npm依赖、启动tailwind实时编译，同时运行Django开发服务器：

services:
  django: &django
    build:
      context: .
      dockerfile: ./compose/local/django/Dockerfile
    image: uniqued_local_django
    container_name: uniqued_local_django
    platform: linux/x86_64
    depends_on:
      - postgres
      - redis
    volumes:
      - .:/app:z
    env_file:
      - ./.envs/.local/.django
      - ./.envs/.local/.postgres
    ports:
      - "8000:8000"
    # 替换原有command为以下内容，替换your_tailwind_app为实际应用名
    command: >
      sh -c "
      # 首次运行初始化tailwind应用，已初始化可删除该行
      python manage.py tailwind init your_tailwind_app --skip-install &&
      cd your_tailwind_app/static_src && npm install &&
      # 后台启动tailwind实时编译
      python manage.py tailwind start &
      # 启动Django开发服务器
      /start
      "

# 其余服务配置保持不变

注意：将your_tailwind_app替换为你实际创建的tailwind应用名称（比如theme）

3. Django项目内部配置 #

确保项目已完成django-tailwind基础配置：

• 在INSTALLED_APPS中添加tailwind和你的tailwind应用（如theme）
• 在settings.py中设置TAILWIND_APP_NAME = 'theme'
• 在项目根urls.py中添加路由：path('tailwind/', include('tailwind.urls'))

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者beginnercoder