Ubuntu下VSCode中OpenCV C++ IntelliSense/自动补全失效求助

我在Ubuntu 18.04.6 LTS机器上从源码安装了OpenCV，安装路径为/usr/local/<blah_blah>，目录结构如下：

milan@my_machine:/usr/local/<blah_blah>$ tree -L 4
.
├── bin
│   ├── opencv_annotation
│   └── ...
├── include
│   └── opencv4
│       └── opencv2
│           ├── ...
│           ├── core
│           ├── core.hpp
│           ├── ...
│           └── ...
├── lib
│   ├── cmake
│   │   └── opencv4
│   │       ├── OpenCVConfig.cmake
│   │       └── ...
│   ├── ...
│   ├── libopencv_core.so -> libopencv_core.so.4.2
│   ├── libopencv_core.so.4.2 -> libopencv_core.so.4.2.0
│   ├── libopencv_core.so.4.2.0
│   ├── ...
│   ├── ...
│   ├── opencv4
│   │   └── 3rdparty
│   │       ├── ...
│   │       └── ...
│   ├── python2.7
│   │   └── dist-packages
│   │       └── cv2
│   └── python3.6
│       └── dist-packages
│           └── cv2
└── share
    ├── licenses
    │   └── opencv4
    │       ├── ...
    │       └── ...
    └── opencv4
        ├── ...
        │   └── ...
        ├── ...
        └── ...

之前解决过PCL的类似问题，于是尝试了如下配置：

• 在settings.json中添加：

"C_Cpp.default.includePath": [
        "/usr/local/<blah_blah>/include/opencv4/opencv2/**",
        "/usr/local/<blah_blah>/include/opencv4/opencv2/core",
        "/usr/local/<blah_blah>/include/opencv4/opencv2/core/*",
        "/usr/local/<blah_blah>/include/opencv4/opencv2/core/**"
    ],

• 在c_cpp_properties.json中配置：

"includePath": [
                "${workspaceFolder}/**",
                "${default}"
            ],

但配置后问题仍未解决，OpenCV C++的IntelliSense/自动补全依然无法正常工作。编译和运行均正常，示例代码如下：

说明1：

• CMake中已将/usr/local/<blah_blah>/include/opencv4添加到include_directories中。
• 项目编译、运行无异常。

说明2：以下问题与当前场景无关，均针对OpenCV Python：

1. VSCode autocomplete not working for OpenCV installed from source
2. cv2 (opencv-python) intellisense not working

解决方案 #

1. 修正includePath配置 #

当前includePath配置过于冗余且未命中正确的根路径。在c_cpp_properties.json中直接添加OpenCV的根include目录即可：

{
    "configurations": [
        {
            "name": "Linux",
            "includePath": [
                "${workspaceFolder}/**",
                "/usr/local/<blah_blah>/include/opencv4"
            ],
            "defines": [],
            "compilerPath": "/usr/bin/gcc",
            "cStandard": "gnu17",
            "cppStandard": "gnu++17",
            "intelliSenseMode": "linux-gcc-x64"
        }
    ],
    "version": 4
}

代码中引用头文件为#include <opencv2/core.hpp>，根路径指向opencv4目录后，IntelliSense才能正确找到opencv2子目录下的所有头文件。

2. 使用CMake Tools插件自动同步配置 #

VSCode的CMake Tools插件可自动读取CMakeLists.txt中的配置并同步到IntelliSense：

• 安装CMake Tools插件
• 打开项目时选择对应的CMake配置（Debug/Release）
• 插件会自动解析include_directories中的路径，无需手动维护c_cpp_properties.json

3. 手动指定OpenCV的CMake配置路径 #

若CMake Tools未自动识别，可在c_cpp_properties.json中添加browse.path配置：

{
    "configurations": [
        {
            // ... 其他配置项
            "browse": {
                "path": [
                    "${workspaceFolder}/**",
                    "/usr/local/<blah_blah>/include/opencv4",
                    "/usr/local/<blah_blah>/lib/cmake/opencv4"
                ],
                "limitSymbolsToIncludedHeaders": true,
                "databaseFilename": ""
            }
        }
    ]
}

4. 重启IntelliSense服务 #

配置修改后，按Ctrl+Shift+P（Linux）打开命令面板，选择C/C++: Restart IntelliSense，确保新配置生效。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Milan