如何在React Native 0.62中适配Android 12的蓝牙权限？

针对React Native 0.62不支持Android 12新增的BLUETOOTH_SCAN、BLUETOOTH_CONNECT权限，导致permission is null错误的问题，提供以下三种适配方案：

方案一：通过原生Module桥接申请权限 #

直接利用Android原生代码实现权限申请，绕过RN的PermissionsAndroid限制：

1. 创建Android原生模块
   在Android项目中新建BluetoothPermissionModule.java，实现权限申请逻辑：

   package com.yourappname;
   
   import android.Manifest;
   import android.app.Activity;
   import android.content.pm.PackageManager;
   import androidx.core.app.ActivityCompat;
   import com.facebook.react.bridge.Promise;
   import com.facebook.react.bridge.ReactApplicationContext;
   import com.facebook.react.bridge.ReactContextBaseJavaModule;
   import com.facebook.react.bridge.ReactMethod;
   
   public class BluetoothPermissionModule extends ReactContextBaseJavaModule {
       private static final int REQUEST_BLUETOOTH_PERMISSIONS = 1001;
       private Promise permissionPromise;
   
       public BluetoothPermissionModule(ReactApplicationContext reactContext) {
           super(reactContext);
       }
   
       @Override
       public String getName() {
           return "BluetoothPermissionModule";
       }
   
       @ReactMethod
       public void requestBluetoothPermissions(Promise promise) {
           permissionPromise = promise;
           Activity currentActivity = getCurrentActivity();
           if (currentActivity == null) {
               promise.reject("ACTIVITY_NULL", "Current activity is null");
               return;
           }
           String[] permissions = {
               Manifest.permission.BLUETOOTH_SCAN,
               Manifest.permission.BLUETOOTH_CONNECT
           };
           ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(currentActivity, permissions, REQUEST_BLUETOOTH_PERMISSIONS);
       }
   
       @Override
       public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode, String[] permissions, int[] grantResults) {
           if (requestCode == REQUEST_BLUETOOTH_PERMISSIONS && permissionPromise != null) {
               boolean allGranted = true;
               for (int result : grantResults) {
                   if (result != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
                       allGranted = false;
                       break;
                   }
               }
               if (allGranted) {
                   permissionPromise.resolve(true);
               } else {
                   permissionPromise.reject("PERMISSION_DENIED", "Bluetooth permissions denied");
               }
               permissionPromise = null;
           }
       }
   }
   

   同时在MainApplication.java中注册该模块。

2. RN中调用原生模块

   import { NativeModules } from 'react-native';
   const { BluetoothPermissionModule } = NativeModules;
   
   const requestBluetoothPermissions = async () => {
     try {
       const isGranted = await BluetoothPermissionModule.requestBluetoothPermissions();
       return isGranted;
     } catch (error) {
       console.error('权限申请失败:', error);
       return false;
     }
   };
   

方案二：直接传递权限字符串申请 #

RN的PermissionsAndroid支持直接传入权限字符串，无需依赖枚举值：

import { PermissionsAndroid } from 'react-native';

const requestBluetoothPermissions = async () => {
  const requiredPermissions = [
    'android.permission.BLUETOOTH_SCAN',
    'android.permission.BLUETOOTH_CONNECT',
  ];

  try {
    const grantResults = await PermissionsAndroid.requestMultiple(requiredPermissions);
    return (
      grantResults['android.permission.BLUETOOTH_SCAN'] === PermissionsAndroid.RESULTS.GRANTED &&
      grantResults['android.permission.BLUETOOTH_CONNECT'] === PermissionsAndroid.RESULTS.GRANTED
    );
  } catch (error) {
    console.error('权限申请出错:', error);
    return false;
  }
};

方案三：升级React Native版本到0.66+ #

如果项目允许，升级RN到0.66及以上版本，官方已内置这两个权限的枚举值，可直接使用：

import { PermissionsAndroid } from 'react-native';

const requestBluetoothPermissions = async () => {
  const granted = await PermissionsAndroid.requestMultiple([
    PermissionsAndroid.PERMISSIONS.BLUETOOTH_SCAN,
    PermissionsAndroid.PERMISSIONS.BLUETOOTH_CONNECT,
  ]);
  return granted[PermissionsAndroid.PERMISSIONS.BLUETOOTH_SCAN] === PermissionsAndroid.RESULTS.GRANTED &&
         granted[PermissionsAndroid.PERMISSIONS.BLUETOOTH_CONNECT] === PermissionsAndroid.RESULTS.GRANTED;
};

通用配置：AndroidManifest.xml权限添加 #

无论采用哪种方案，都需要在AndroidManifest.xml中添加以下权限配置：

<!-- Android 12+ 蓝牙权限 -->
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH_SCAN" />
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH_CONNECT" />

<!-- 若无需通过蓝牙获取位置信息，添加此flag避免申请位置权限 -->
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH_SCAN" android:usesPermissionFlags="neverForLocation" />

<!-- 兼容Android 11及以下版本 -->
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH" android:maxSdkVersion="30" />
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH_ADMIN" android:maxSdkVersion="30" />

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Septatrivanto Wandy