无需第三方工具或WebDriver，用FastAPI+Python对接WhatsApp API构建聊天机器人

前提准备 #

• 注册Meta开发者账号，创建应用并启用WhatsApp Business Platform
• 获取Access Token、Phone Number ID、WhatsApp Business Account ID
• 确保FastAPI服务可被公网访问（本地开发可使用ngrok临时暴露端口，生产环境部署到云服务器）

步骤1：FastAPI配置Webhook接收用户消息 #

WhatsApp会通过POST请求将用户消息推送到指定的Webhook端点，以下是核心实现代码：

from fastapi import FastAPI, Request, Response
import json
import requests

app = FastAPI()

# Webhook验证（Meta要求的必填验证步骤）
@app.get("/webhook")
async def verify_webhook(request: Request):
    mode = request.query_params.get("hub.mode")
    token = request.query_params.get("hub.verify_token")
    challenge = request.query_params.get("hub.challenge")
    
    # 替换为你自己设置的验证令牌
    CUSTOM_VERIFY_TOKEN = "your_verify_token_here"
    
    if mode == "subscribe" and token == CUSTOM_VERIFY_TOKEN:
        return Response(content=challenge, media_type="text/plain")
    return Response(status_code=403)

# 接收并处理用户消息
@app.post("/webhook")
async def handle_messages(request: Request):
    data = await request.json()
    
    if data.get("object") != "whatsapp_business_account":
        return Response(status_code=404)
    
    for entry in data.get("entry", []):
        for change in entry.get("changes", []):
            if change.get("field") == "messages":
                msg_value = change.get("value", {})
                incoming_msg = msg_value.get("messages", [{}])[0]
                user_phone = incoming_msg.get("from")
                user_text = incoming_msg.get("text", {}).get("body")
                
                # 调用你的聊天机器人逻辑生成回复
                bot_reply = f"收到你的消息：{user_text}"
                
                # 发送回复到用户WhatsApp
                await send_reply(user_phone, bot_reply)
    
    return Response(status_code=200)

步骤2：实现消息发送逻辑 #

直接调用WhatsApp Business Platform的官方API发送消息，无需任何第三方工具：

async def send_reply(to_phone: str, reply_text: str):
    # 替换为你的Access Token和Phone Number ID
    ACCESS_TOKEN = "your_access_token_here"
    PHONE_NUMBER_ID = "your_phone_number_id_here"
    
    api_url = f"https://graph.facebook.com/v18.0/{PHONE_NUMBER_ID}/messages"
    headers = {
        "Authorization": f"Bearer {ACCESS_TOKEN}",
        "Content-Type": "application/json"
    }
    payload = {
        "messaging_product": "whatsapp",
        "to": to_phone,
        "text": {"body": reply_text}
    }
    
    response = requests.post(api_url, headers=headers, json=payload)
    response.raise_for_status()  # 抛出请求错误便于调试

关键注意事项 #

• 严格遵循Meta的API版本规范，避免因版本迭代导致接口调用失败
• 控制消息发送频率，遵守WhatsApp的限流规则，防止账号被限制
• 可扩展支持图片、按钮、模板消息等多种消息类型，具体参考官方API的payload结构

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者new_dev