Python 2.7环境下Conda导入Geopandas报DLL加载错误求助

在Python 2.7环境中导入Geopandas时出现DLL加载错误，操作步骤如下：

conda create --channel conda-forge -n env_test python=2.7 geopandas
# 执行成功

conda activate py27env
python --version
# 输出：Python 2.7.15

# 导入模块
python
import geopandas

完整错误栈：

Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
File "C:\Users\Administrator\miniconda3\envs\env_test\lib\site-packages\geopandas\__init__.py", line 5, in <module>
from geopandas.io.file import read_file  # noqa
File "C:\Users\Administrator\miniconda3\envs\env_test\lib\site-packages\geopandas\io\file.py", line 6, in <module>
import fiona
File "C:\Users\Administrator\miniconda3\envs\env_test\lib\site-packages\fiona\__init__.py", line 69, in <module>
from fiona.collection import Collection, BytesCollection, vsi_path
File "C:\Users\Administrator\miniconda3\envs\env_test\lib\site-packages\fiona\collection.py", line 9, in <module>
from fiona.ogrext import Iterator, ItemsIterator, KeysIterator

ImportError: DLL load failed: The application has failed to start because its side-by-side configuration is incorrect. Please see the application event log or use the command-line sxstrace.exe tool for more detail.

环境信息：

• Miniconda 4.12.0
• 系统：Windows Server 2019 / Windows 10（测试均报错，Python 3.9+环境无此问题）

Conda包列表：

# Name                    Version                   Build  Channel
boost-cpp                 1.70.0               h099cdad_2    conda-forge
ca-certificates           2022.6.15            h5b45459_0    conda-forge
certifi                   2019.11.28       py27h8c360ce_1    conda-forge
click                     7.1.2              pyh9f0ad1d_0    conda-forge
click-plugins             1.1.1                      py_0    conda-forge
cligj                     0.7.2              pyhd8ed1ab_1    conda-forge
curl                      7.65.3               h2f83ebf_0    conda-forge
enum34                    1.1.10           py27h8c360ce_1    conda-forge
expat                     2.2.9                h2880e7c_2    conda-forge
fiona                     1.7.13                   py27_0    conda-forge
freexl                    1.0.5             haa51a25_1002    conda-forge
gdal                      2.2.2            py27h58389d3_1
geopandas                 0.6.3                      py_0    conda-forge
geos                      3.6.2                heec837b_2
hdf4                      4.2.13            ha32470c_1003    conda-forge
hdf5                      1.10.1                    vc9_2    conda-forge
intel-openmp              2022.1.0          h57928b3_3787    conda-forge
jpeg                      9c                h0c8e037_1001    conda-forge
kealib                    1.4.7                     vc9_4    conda-forge
krb5                      1.16.4               h7fea353_0    conda-forge
libblas                   3.9.0                     8_mkl    conda-forge
libcblas                  3.9.0                     8_mkl    conda-forge
libcurl                   7.65.3               h2f83ebf_0    conda-forge
libgdal                   2.2.2                h75964b3_1
libiconv                  1.15              h0c8e037_1006    conda-forge
libkml                    1.3.0             h59e3451_1010    conda-forge
liblapack                 3.9.0                     8_mkl    conda-forge
libnetcdf                 4.4.1.1                  vc9_10    conda-forge
libpng                    1.6.37               h7a46e7a_0    conda-forge
libpq                     11.5                 h5e4800f_1    conda-forge
libspatialindex           1.8.5                h2880e7c_4    conda-forge
libspatialite             4.3.0a            he01c9b4_1023    conda-forge
libssh2                   1.8.2                hd5c6ab6_2    conda-forge
libtiff                   4.0.10            h52ad3ab_1002    conda-forge
libxml2                   2.9.10               h00b1425_0    conda-forge
mkl                       2020.4             hb70f87d_311    conda-forge
munch                     2.5.0                      py_0    conda-forge
numpy                     1.16.5           py27h0d21db5_0    conda-forge
openjpeg                  2.3.1                hb90df43_1    conda-forge
openssl                   1.1.1e               h0c8e037_0    conda-forge
pandas                    0.24.2           py27h0e003f4_0    conda-forge
pip                       20.1.1             pyh9f0ad1d_0    conda-forge
proj4                     4.9.3                h0c8e037_9    conda-forge
pyproj                    1.9.5.1    py27he834874_1006    conda-forge
python                    2.7.15    h2880e7c_1011_cpython conda-forge
python-dateutil           2.8.1                py_0      conda-forge
python_abi                2.7                     1_cp27m    conda-forge
pytz                      2020.1             pyh9f0ad1d_0    conda-forge
rtree                     0.8.3                    py27_0
setuptools                44.0.0                   py27_0    conda-forge
shapely                   1.6.4      py27hc31c106_1000    conda-forge
six                       1.16.0             pyh6c4a22f_0    conda-forge
sqlite                    3.30.1               h0c8e037_0    conda-forge
tk                        8.6.10               h0c8e037_0    conda-forge
vc                        9                    h2eaa2aa_6
vs2008_runtime            9.0.30729.6161                0    conda-forge
wheel                     0.37.1             pyhd8ed1ab_0    conda-forge
wincertstore              0.2                   py27_1003    conda-forge
xerces-c                  3.2.2             hc56fc5f_1004    conda-forge
xz                        5.2.4             h3cc03e0_1001    conda-forge
zlib                      1.2.11            h3cc03e0_1006    conda-forge
zstd                      1.3.3                     vc9_1    conda-forge

解决方案 #

• 修复Visual C++运行时依赖：
  错误提示的"side-by-side configuration is incorrect"通常是VC++运行时库版本不匹配或缺失导致的。当前环境使用vc9（对应VS2008），可尝试：

  1. 卸载现有vs2008_runtime包后重新安装：

     conda activate env_test
     conda remove vs2008_runtime --force
     conda install vs2008_runtime=9.0.30729.6161 -c conda-forge
     

  2. 手动下载安装微软官方的Microsoft Visual C++ 2008 SP1 Redistributable Package（匹配系统位数），安装后重启环境再尝试导入。

• 降级Fiona版本：
  当前使用的Fiona 1.7.13可能和Python 2.7的VC9环境存在兼容性问题，尝试安装更早的兼容版本：

  conda activate env_test
  conda remove fiona --force
  conda install fiona=1.7.12 -c conda-forge
  

• 重新构建干净的环境：
  现有环境可能存在依赖冲突，删除旧环境后重新创建并指定明确的依赖版本：

  conda env remove -n env_test
  conda create -n env_test python=2.7 geopandas=0.6.3 fiona=1.7.12 vs2008_runtime=9.0.30729.6161 -c conda-forge
  

• 迁移到Python 3环境：
  Python 2.7已停止官方支持，Geopandas后续版本也不再维护Python 2.7兼容。若业务允许，建议直接迁移到Python 3.9+环境，彻底避免这类兼容性问题。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Jelphy