Windows11下pip安装dotenv模块失败问题求助

报错信息 #

执行pip install dotenv时出现以下错误：

pip install dotenv
Collecting dotenv
  Using cached dotenv-0.0.5.tar.gz (2.4 kB)
  Preparing metadata (setup.py) ... error
  error: subprocess-exited-with-error

  × python setup.py egg_info did not run successfully.
  │ exit code: 1
  ╰─> [67 lines of output]
      C:\Users\tolga\AppData\Local\Packages\PythonSoftwareFoundation.Python.3.10_qbz5n2kfra8p0\LocalCache\local-packages\Python310\site-packages\setuptools\installer.py:27: SetuptoolsDeprecationWarning: setuptools.installer is deprecated. Requirements should be satisfied by a PEP 517 installer.
        warnings.warn(
      WARNING: The wheel package is not available.
        error: subprocess-exited-with-error

        python setup.py egg_info did not run successfully.
        exit code: 1

        [16 lines of output]
        Traceback (most recent call last):
          File "<string>", line 2, in <module>
          File "<pip-setuptools-caller>", line 14, in <module>
          File "C:\Users\tolga\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-wheel-aje7yoko\distribute_df22646f998648fc97a3f7928dd4b26e\setuptools\__init__.py", line 2, in <module>
            from setuptools.extension import Extension, Library
          File "C:\Users\tolga\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-wheel-aje7yoko\distribute_df22646f998648fc97a3f7928dd4b26e\setuptools\extension.py", line 5, in <module>
            from setuptools.dist import _get_unpatched
          File "C:\Users\tolga\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-wheel-aje7yoko\distribute_df22646f998648fc97a3f7928dd4b26e\setuptools\dist.py", line 7, in <module>
            from setuptools.command.install import install
          File "C:\Users\tolga\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-wheel-aje7yoko\distribute_df22646f998648fc97a3f7928dd4b26e\setuptools\command\__init__.py", line 8, in <module>
            from setuptools.command import install_scripts
          File "C:\Users\tolga\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-wheel-aje7yoko\distribute_df22646f998648fc97a3f7928dd4b26e\setuptools\command\install_scripts.py", line 3, in <module>
            from pkg_resources import Distribution, PathMetadata, ensure_directory
          File "C:\Users\tolga\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-wheel-aje7yoko\distribute_df22646f998648fc97a3f7928dd4b26e\pkg_resources.py", line 1518, in <module>
            register_loader_type(importlib_bootstrap.SourceFileLoader, DefaultProvider)
        AttributeError: module 'importlib._bootstrap' has no attribute 'SourceFileLoader'
        [end of output]

        note: This error originates from a subprocess, and is likely not a problem with pip.
      error: metadata-generation-failed

      Encountered error while generating package metadata.

      See above for output.

      note: This is an issue with the package mentioned above, not pip.
      hint: See above for details.
      Traceback (most recent call last):
        File "C:\Users\tolga\AppData\Local\Packages\PythonSoftwareFoundation.Python.3.10_qbz5n2kfra8p0\LocalCache\local-packages\Python310\site-packages\setuptools\installer.py", line 82, in fetch_build_egg
          subprocess.check_call(cmd)
        File "C:\Program Files\WindowsApps\PythonSoftwareFoundation.Python.3.10_3.10.1776.0_x64__qbz5n2kfra8p0\lib\subprocess.py", line 369, in check_call
          raise CalledProcessError(retcode, cmd)
      subprocess.CalledProcessError: Command '["C:\\Users\\tolga\\AppData\\Local\\Microsoft\\WindowsApps\\PythonSoftwareFoundation.Python.3.10_qbz5n2kfra8p0\\python.exe", "-m", "pip", "--disable-pip-version-check", "wheel", "--no-deps", "-w", "C:\\Users\\tolga\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\tmpu566_0w9", "--quiet", "distribute"]' returned non-zero exit status 1.

      The above exception was the direct cause of the following exception:

      Traceback (most recent call last):
        File "<string>", line 2, in <module>
        File "<pip-setuptools-caller>", line 34, in <module>
        File "C:\Users\tolga\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-install-6o_73kl2\dotenv_b003414150d042bd85e84e2ed2f8252e\setup.py", line 13, in <module>
          setup(name='dotenv',
        File "C:\Users\tolga\AppData\Local\Packages\PythonSoftwareFoundation.Python.3.10_qbz5n2kfra8p0\LocalCache\local-packages\Python310\site-packages\setuptools\__init__.py", line 86, in setup
          _install_setup_requires(attrs)
        File "C:\Users\tolga\AppData\Local\Packages\PythonSoftwareFoundation.Python.3.10_qbz5n2kfra8p0\LocalCache\local-packages\Python310\site-packages\setuptools\__init__.py", line 80, in _install_setup_requires
          dist.fetch_build_eggs(dist.setup_requires)
        File "C:\Users\tolga\AppData\Local\Packages\PythonSoftwareFoundation.Python.3.10_qbz5n2kfra8p0\LocalCache\local-packages\Python310\site-packages\setuptools\dist.py", line 875, in fetch_build_eggs
          resolved_dists = pkg_resources.working_set.resolve(
        File "C:\Users\tolga\AppData\Local\Packages\PythonSoftwareFoundation.Python.3.10_qbz5n2kfra8p0\LocalCache\local-packages\Python310\site-packages\pkg_resources\__init__.py", line 789, in resolve
          dist = best[req.key] = env.best_match(
        File "C:\Users\tolga\AppData\Local\Packages\PythonSoftwareFoundation.Python.3.10_qbz5n2kfra8p0\LocalCache\local-packages\Python310\site-packages\pkg_resources\__init__.py", line 1075, in best_match
          return self.obtain(req, installer)
        File "C:\Users\tolga\AppData\Local\Packages\PythonSoftwareFoundation.Python.3.10_qbz5n2kfra8p0\LocalCache\local-packages\Python310\site-packages\pkg_resources\__init__.py", line 1087, in obtain
          return installer(requirement)
        File "C:\Users\tolga\AppData\Local\Packages\PythonSoftwareFoundation.Python.3.10_qbz5n2kfra8p0\LocalCache\local-packages\Python310\site-packages\setuptools\dist.py", line 945, in fetch_build_egg
          return fetch_build_egg(self, req)
        File "C:\Users\tolga\AppData\Local\Packages\PythonSoftwareFoundation.Python.3.10_qbz5n2kfra8p0\LocalCache\local-packages\Python310\site-packages\setuptools\installer.py", line 84, in fetch_build_egg
          raise DistutilsError(str(e)) from e
      distutils.errors.DistutilsError: Command '["C:\\Users\\tolga\\AppData\\Local\\Microsoft\\WindowsApps\\PythonSoftwareFoundation.Python.3.10_qbz5n2kfra8p0\\python.exe", "-m", "pip", "--disable-pip-version-check", "wheel", "--no-deps", "-w", "C:\\Users\\tolga\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\tmpu566_0w9", "--quiet", "distribute"]' returned non-zero exit status 1.
      [end of output]

  note: This error originates from a subprocess, and is likely not a problem with pip.
error: metadata-generation-failed

× Encountered error while generating package metadata.
╰─> See above for output.

note: This is an issue with the package mentioned above, not pip.
hint: See above for details.

已尝试操作 #

已执行以下命令升级pip和setuptools，但问题未解决：

python -m pip install --upgrade pip
pip install --upgrade setuptools

问题根源 #

你尝试安装的dotenv是一个废弃多年的老旧包（版本0.0.5，最后更新于2013年），它依赖的distribute包与Python 3.10完全不兼容，导致出现AttributeError错误。目前主流的环境变量加载包是python-dotenv，而非这个老旧的dotenv。

解决方案 #

1. 卸载错误的老旧包（如果已安装）：

pip uninstall -y dotenv

2. 安装正确的包：

pip install python-dotenv

3. 验证安装：
   打开Python交互环境，执行以下代码测试：

from dotenv import load_dotenv
# 如果没有报错，说明安装成功

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Tolga