Selenium自动化中Windows身份验证弹窗问题

1. 用Chrome扩展注入认证头 #

编写一个极简Chrome扩展，在请求时自动添加Authorization头，绕过系统认证弹窗：

• 新建扩展文件夹，创建manifest.json：

  {
    "manifest_version": 3,
    "name": "Auth Inject",
    "version": "1.0",
    "permissions": ["webRequest", "webRequestBlocking", "<all_urls>"],
    "background": {
      "service_worker": "background.js"
    }
  }
  

• 同目录创建background.js：

  chrome.webRequest.onBeforeSendHeaders.addListener(
    details => {
      const auth = "Basic " + btoa("你的用户名:你的密码");
      details.requestHeaders.push({name: "Authorization", value: auth});
      return {requestHeaders: details.requestHeaders};
    },
    {urls: ["https://目标域名.com/*"]},
    ["blocking", "requestHeaders"]
  );
  

• C#代码中加载该扩展：

  ChromeOptions options = new ChromeOptions();
  options.AddExtension(@"扩展文件夹的绝对路径");
  IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(options);
  driver.Navigate().GoToUrl("https://目标域名.com");
  

2. 通过Chrome DevTools Protocol(CDP)注入头 #

Selenium 4及以上版本支持直接调用CDP接口，导航前注入认证信息：

var driver = new ChromeDriver();
var cdpSession = ((IDevTools)driver).CreateDevToolsSession();

var authHeader = Convert.ToBase64String(Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes("你的用户名:你的密码"));
var headers = new Dictionary<string, object> { {"Authorization", $"Basic {authHeader}"} };

cdpSession.Network.SetExtraHTTPHeaders(new Network.SetExtraHTTPHeadersCommandSettings { Headers = headers });

driver.Navigate().GoToUrl("https://目标域名.com");

3. 调用Windows API模拟弹窗输入 #

如果上述方法无效，直接用C#调用系统API定位弹窗并输入：

using System;
using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
using System.Threading;

public class AuthPopupHandler
{
    [DllImport("user32.dll", SetLastError = true)]
    private static extern IntPtr FindWindow(string lpClassName, string lpWindowName);

    [DllImport("user32.dll")]
    private static extern bool SetForegroundWindow(IntPtr hWnd);

    [DllImport("user32.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Auto)]
    private static extern void SendKeys(IntPtr hWnd, string keys);

    public static void FillAuthPopup()
    {
        // 弹窗标题根据实际情况修改，比如"Windows Security"或"身份验证"
        IntPtr popupHandle = FindWindow(null, "Windows Security");
        if (popupHandle != IntPtr.Zero)
        {
            SetForegroundWindow(popupHandle);
            Thread.Sleep(500);
            SendKeys(popupHandle, "你的用户名{TAB}你的密码{ENTER}");
        }
    }
}

// 脚本中调用：
driver.Navigate().GoToUrl("https://目标域名.com");
AuthPopupHandler.FillAuthPopup();

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Sahil Bansal