Rest Assured+Serenity抽取环境配置类时出现空指针问题求助

空指针异常的根因及修复 #

你遇到的空指针异常是因为EnvironmentVariables未被Serenity正确注入。只需给该字段添加@Inject注解，让Serenity自动注入实例即可：

// 替换原有的private EnvironmentVariables声明
@Inject
private EnvironmentVariables environmentVariables;

代码复用的具体优化方案 #

1. 抽取公共配置与工具方法 #

把重复的BaseURI获取、Rest Assured请求模板抽成私有方法，避免每个步骤重复编写：

// 获取BaseURI的公共方法
private String getBaseUri() {
    return EnvironmentSpecificConfiguration.from(environmentVariables)
                                              .getProperty("base.api.url");
}

// 公共请求模板，包含通用的header和contentType
private RequestSpecification getCommonRequest() {
    return SerenityRest.given()
                       .contentType("application/json")
                       .header("Content-Type", "application/json");
}

2. 封装通用搜索方法 #

将三个搜索步骤合并为一个通用方法，通过参数传递可变的查询条件（日期、天数、ID），同时处理可选参数：

// 通用搜索方法，覆盖所有场景
@Step("执行GET搜索: 日期 {date}, 天数 {days}, ID {id}")
public void performSearch(LocalDate date, Integer days, Integer id) {
    RequestSpecification request = getCommonRequest()
                                    .queryParam("type", 2)
                                    .queryParam("date_req", date.toString());
    
    // 仅当参数不为空时添加查询条件
    if (days != null) request.queryParam("days", days);
    if (id != null) request.queryParam("id", id);
    
    response = request.get(getBaseUri() + basePath);
    System.out.println("Search json response:::==>" + response.prettyPrint());
}

// 原有的三个步骤方法简化为对通用方法的调用
@Step("执行当天GET搜索请求")
public void searchCurrentDay() {
    performSearch(today, 1, 1);
}

@Step("执行明日GET搜索请求")
public void searchTomorrow() {
    performSearch(tomorrow, null, null);
}

@Step("执行后天GET搜索请求")
public void searchNextDay() {
    performSearch(nextday, null, null);
}

3. 全局配置简化（可选） #

在serenity.conf中配置Rest Assured全局参数，省去每个请求重复设置contentType的步骤：

restassured {
    config = {
        content-type = "application/json"
    }
}

配置后，getCommonRequest()方法可以进一步简化，甚至无需单独抽取。

完整优化后的代码示例 #

import net.serenitybdd.core.environment.EnvironmentSpecificConfiguration;
import net.serenitybdd.rest.SerenityRest;
import net.serenitybdd.core.annotations.Step;
import javax.inject.Inject;
import java.time.LocalDate;
import io.restassured.response.Response;
import io.restassured.specification.RequestSpecification;

public class BookingSearchSteps {
    LocalDate today = LocalDate.now();
    LocalDate tomorrow = today.plusDays(1);
    LocalDate nextday = today.plusDays(2);
    
    @Inject
    private EnvironmentVariables environmentVariables;
    
    public Response response;
    String basePath = "/booking/search";

    private String getBaseUri() {
        return EnvironmentSpecificConfiguration.from(environmentVariables)
                                              .getProperty("base.api.url");
    }

    private RequestSpecification getCommonRequest() {
        return SerenityRest.given()
                       .header("Content-Type", "application/json");
    }

    @Step("执行GET搜索: 日期 {date}, 天数 {days}, ID {id}")
    public void performSearch(LocalDate date, Integer days, Integer id) {
        RequestSpecification request = getCommonRequest()
                                    .queryParam("type", 2)
                                    .queryParam("date_req", date.toString());
    
        if (days != null) request.queryParam("days", days);
        if (id != null) request.queryParam("id", id);
    
        response = request.get(getBaseUri() + basePath);
        System.out.println("Search json response:::==>" + response.prettyPrint());
    }

    @Step("执行当天GET搜索请求")
    public void searchCurrentDay() {
        performSearch(today, 1, 1);
    }

    @Step("执行明日GET搜索请求")
    public void searchTomorrow() {
        performSearch(tomorrow, null, null);
    }

    @Step("执行后天GET搜索请求")
    public void searchNextDay() {
        performSearch(nextday, null, null);
    }
}

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者fareen taj