RStudio 3.6.3版本安装R包遇到持续问题求助

你升级R到3.6.3后，安装包时遇到了两类典型问题，比如装dbplyr时出现如下错误：

** package 'dbplyr' successfully unpacked and MD5 sums checked
** using staged installation
** R
** inst
** byte-compile and prepare package for lazy loading
Error in loadNamespace(i, c(lib.loc, .libPaths()), versionCheck = vI[[i]]) : 
  namespace 'rlang' 0.4.11 is being loaded, but >= 1.0.0 is required
Calls: <Anonymous> ... withCallingHandlers -> loadNamespace -> namespaceImport -> loadNamespace
Execution halted
ERROR: lazy loading failed for package 'dbplyr'
* removing 'C:/Users/...../Documents/R/win-library/3.6/dbplyr'
Warning in install.packages :
  installation of package ‘dbplyr’ had non-zero exit status

还有尝试装Rtools时的错误：

> install.packages('Rtools ')
WARNING: Rtools is required to build R packages but is not currently installed. Please download and install the appropriate version of Rtools before proceeding:

Installing package into ‘C:/Users/..../Documents/R/win-library/3.6’
(as ‘lib’ is unspecified)
Warning in install.packages :
  package ‘Rtools ’ is not available (for R version 3.6.3)

下面是对应的解决办法：

1. 解决dbplyr的依赖版本问题 #

问题核心是rlang版本过低，不满足dbplyr的要求，按以下步骤操作：

# 先卸载旧版本的rlang
remove.packages("rlang")
# 安装适配R 3.6.3的rlang 1.0.6版本（既满足dbplyr的版本要求，又兼容R 3.6.3）
install.packages("rlang", version = "1.0.6")
# 重新安装dbplyr
install.packages("dbplyr")

2. 正确安装Rtools #

Rtools是编译R包的工具集，不是R包，不能用install.packages()安装：

• 下载适配R 3.6.3的Rtools35版本
• 安装时务必勾选“Add Rtools to system PATH”选项，确保R能识别到该工具集

3. export包的替代方案 #

如果export包安装困难，推荐这些功能相近的工具：

• officer：可生成Word、PPT文档，支持插入表格、图表
• flextable：配合officer制作复杂格式的表格，导出选项丰富
• rmarkdown：通过R Markdown文档一键导出PDF、Word、HTML等格式，兼容性强

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者user7395965