如何获取Selenium WebDriver最近执行的XPath？

我有一个clickButton方法，里面包含多个try-catch代码块，每个块用不同的XPath定位元素并执行点击操作。原本想在每个try-catch里返回对应的XPath，但这样修改量太大、太耗时，所以想找不用大量改代码的办法，直接通过WebDriver获取最近执行的XPath，类似driver.getLastXpath()的功能（已知WebDriver本身没有这个方法）。

相关代码示例如下：

public void actions(String action, String param, Webdriver driver){
   switch(action){
     case "Click Button":
      clickButton(driver, param);
   }
}

public void clickButton(Webdriver driver, String param){
   try{
      if (param.equalsIgnoreCase("Search")) {
       WebElement waittext = driver.findElement(By.xpath("xpath for search button"));
       Actions actions = new Actions(driver);
       actions.moveToElement(waittext).build().perform();
       waittext.click();
       return;
    }catch(Exception e){
       System.out.println(e);
    }

    try{
      if (param.equalsIgnoreCase("Save")) {
       WebElement waittext = driver.findElement(By.xpath("xpath for save button"));
       Actions actions = new Actions(driver);
       actions.moveToElement(waittext).build().perform();
       waittext.click();
       return;
    }catch(Exception e){
       System.out.println(e);
    }

    // 更多类似的try-catch块...
}

我想要实现的效果类似下面的代码：

public void actions(String action, String param, Webdriver driver){
   switch(action){
     case "Click Button":
      clickButton(driver, param);
      String recentlyUsedXpath = driver.getLastXpath(); // 想要这样的功能
   }
}

方案1：自定义封装XPath定位器，自动记录最后使用的XPath #

这个方案改动极小，只需要替换原代码里的By.xpath()调用即可，完全不用修改try-catch结构。

实现步骤 #

1. 创建工具类CustomBy，维护静态变量存储最后使用的XPath：

public class CustomBy {
    private static String lastUsedXpath;

    public static By xpath(String xpathExpression) {
        lastUsedXpath = xpathExpression;
        return By.xpath(xpathExpression);
    }

    public static String getLastUsedXpath() {
        return lastUsedXpath;
    }
}

2. 修改clickButton方法里的定位方式：

// 替换原有的By.xpath为CustomBy.xpath
WebElement waittext = driver.findElement(CustomBy.xpath("xpath for search button"));

3. 在需要获取的地方调用工具类方法：

public void actions(String action, String param, Webdriver driver){
   switch(action){
     case "Click Button":
      clickButton(driver, param);
      String recentlyUsedXpath = CustomBy.getLastUsedXpath(); // 获取最近XPath
   }
}

方案2：轻微修改clickButton方法，返回成功执行的XPath #

虽然你担心修改量大，但实际只需要给方法增加返回值，在每个成功分支返回对应XPath即可，改动量远小于逐个修改try-catch：

修改后的代码 #

// 修改方法返回类型为String
public String clickButton(Webdriver driver, String param){
   try{
      if (param.equalsIgnoreCase("Search")) {
       String xpath = "xpath for search button";
       WebElement waittext = driver.findElement(By.xpath(xpath));
       Actions actions = new Actions(driver);
       actions.moveToElement(waittext).build().perform();
       waittext.click();
       return xpath; // 返回成功使用的XPath
    }catch(Exception e){
       System.out.println(e);
    }

    try{
      if (param.equalsIgnoreCase("Save")) {
       String xpath = "xpath for save button";
       WebElement waittext = driver.findElement(By.xpath(xpath));
       Actions actions = new Actions(driver);
       actions.moveToElement(waittext).build().perform();
       waittext.click();
       return xpath; // 返回成功使用的XPath
    }catch(Exception e){
       System.out.println(e);
    }

    // 更多分支同理
    return null; // 无成功执行时返回null
}

调用处接收返回值：

public void actions(String action, String param, Webdriver driver){
   switch(action){
     case "Click Button":
      String recentlyUsedXpath = clickButton(driver, param);
      // 使用获取到的XPath
   }
}

方案3：使用WebDriver事件监听（进阶） #

通过EventFiringWebDriver监听元素查找事件，完全不需要修改业务代码，只需配置监听器：

实现步骤 #

1. 创建事件监听器，记录XPath：

public class XPathRecorder implements WebDriverEventListener {
    private String lastUsedXpath;

    @Override
    public void beforeFindBy(By by, WebElement element, WebDriver driver) {
        if (by instanceof By.ByXPath) {
            // 提取并存储XPath字符串
            lastUsedXpath = ((By.ByXPath) by).toString().replace("By.xpath: ", "");
        }
    }

    // 其他未使用的接口方法留空实现
    @Override public void afterFindBy(By by, WebElement element, WebDriver driver) {}
    @Override public void beforeClickOn(WebElement element, WebDriver driver) {}
    @Override public void afterClickOn(WebElement element, WebDriver driver) {}
    // ... 剩余接口方法均留空或默认实现

    public String getLastUsedXpath() {
        return lastUsedXpath;
    }
}

2. 初始化带监听的WebDriver：

WebDriver originalDriver = new ChromeDriver();
XPathRecorder recorder = new XPathRecorder();
EventFiringWebDriver driver = new EventFiringWebDriver(originalDriver);
driver.register(recorder);

3. 获取最近使用的XPath：

public void actions(String action, String param, WebDriver driver){
   switch(action){
     case "Click Button":
      clickButton(driver, param);
      String recentlyUsedXpath = recorder.getLastUsedXpath();
   }
}

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Uday Pratap Singh