如何用JavaScript/jQuery在页面重载后保存切换按钮状态

要解决页面刷新后隐藏列恢复显示的问题，只需在原代码基础上加入localStorage的读写逻辑，保存隐藏列的索引，页面加载时再读取并恢复状态。

修改后的完整代码 #

JavaScript

jQuery($ => {
  const $headings = $('.heading');
  // 定义存储键名，用于localStorage
  const STORAGE_KEY = 'hiddenColumns';
  
  // 从localStorage读取隐藏列列表，没有则初始化空数组
  let hiddenColumns = JSON.parse(localStorage.getItem(STORAGE_KEY)) || [];

  // 页面加载时恢复隐藏状态
  hiddenColumns.forEach(index => {
    $(`.col${index}`).hide();
  });

  // 初始化计算colspan
  updateColspan();

  $('.hide').on('click', e => {
    const targetIndex = e.target.dataset.targetIndex;
    const $el = $(`.col${targetIndex}`);
    
    // 切换显示状态
    $el.toggle();
    
    // 更新隐藏列列表
    if ($el.is(':hidden')) {
      hiddenColumns.push(targetIndex);
    } else {
      hiddenColumns = hiddenColumns.filter(idx => idx !== targetIndex);
    }
    
    // 保存到localStorage
    localStorage.setItem(STORAGE_KEY, JSON.stringify(hiddenColumns));
    
    // 更新colspan
    updateColspan();
  });

  // 封装计算colspan的函数，复用代码
  function updateColspan() {
    const visibleCount = $('table tbody tr:first > td:visible').length;
    const colspan = visibleCount / $headings.length;
    $headings.prop('colspan', colspan);
  }
});

CSS

table,
th,
td {
  border: 1px solid black;
}

HTML

<script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/jquery/3.3.1/jquery.min.js"></script>
<table>
  <thead>
    <tr>
      <th class="heading" colspan="7">abcd</th>
      <th class="heading" colspan="7">abcd</th>
      <th class="heading" colspan="7">abcd</th>
      <th class="heading" colspan="7">abcd</th>
    </tr>
  </thead>
  <tbody>
    <tr>
      <td class="col1">col1</td>
      <td class="col2">col2</td>
      <td class="col3">col3</td>
      <td class="col4">col4</td>
      <td class="col5">col5</td>
      <td class="col6">col6</td>
      <td class="col7">col7</td>
      
      <td class="col1">col1</td>
      <td class="col2">col2</td>
      <td class="col3">col3</td>
      <td class="col4">col4</td>
      <td class="col5">col5</td>
      <td class="col6">col6</td>
      <td class="col7">col7</td>
      
      <td class="col1">col1</td>
      <td class="col2">col2</td>
      <td class="col3">col3</td>
      <td class="col4">col4</td>
      <td class="col5">col5</td>
      <td class="col6">col6</td>
      <td class="col7">col7</td>
      
      <td class="col1">col1</td>
      <td class="col2">col2</td>
      <td class="col3">col3</td>
      <td class="col4">col4</td>
      <td class="col5">col5</td>
      <td class="col6">col6</td>
      <td class="col7">col7</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td class="col1">col1</td>
      <td class="col2">col2</td>
      <td class="col3">col3</td>
      <td class="col4">col4</td>
      <td class="col5">col5</td>
      <td class="col6">col6</td>
      <td class="col7">col7</td>
      
      <td class="col1">col1</td>
      <td class="col2">col2</td>
      <td class="col3">col3</td>
      <td class="col4">col4</td>
      <td class="col5">col5</td>
      <td class="col6">col6</td>
      <td class="col7">col7</td>
      
      <td class="col1">col1</td>
      <td class="col2">col2</td>
      <td class="col3">col3</td>
      <td class="col4">col4</td>
      <td class="col5">col5</td>
      <td class="col6">col6</td>
      <td class="col7">col7</td>
      
      <td class="col1">col1</td>
      <td class="col2">col2</td>
      <td class="col3">col3</td>
      <td class="col4">col4</td>
      <td class="col5">col5</td>
      <td class="col6">col6</td>
      <td class="col7">col7</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td class="col1">col1</td>
      <td class="col2">col2</td>
      <td class="col3">col3</td>
      <td class="col4">col4</td>
      <td class="col5">col5</td>
      <td class="col6">col6</td>
      <td class="col7">col7</td>
      
      <td class="col1">col1</td>
      <td class="col2">col2</td>
      <td class="col3">col3</td>
      <td class="col4">col4</td>
      <td class="col5">col5</td>
      <td class="col6">col6</td>
      <td class="col7">col7</td>
      
      <td class="col1">col1</td>
      <td class="col2">col2</td>
      <td class="col3">col3</td>
      <td class="col4">col4</td>
      <td class="col5">col5</td>
      <td class="col6">col6</td>
      <td class="col7">col7</td>
      
      <td class="col1">col1</td>
      <td class="col2">col2</td>
      <td class="col3">col3</td>
      <td class="col4">col4</td>
      <td class="col5">col5</td>
      <td class="col6">col6</td>
      <td class="col7">col7</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td class="col1">col1</td>
      <td class="col2">col2</td>
      <td class="col3">col3</td>
      <td class="col4">col4</td>
      <td class="col5">col5</td>
      <td class="col6">col6</td>
      <td class="col7">col7</td>
      
      <td class="col1">col1</td>
      <td class="col2">col2</td>
      <td class="col3">col3</td>
      <td class="col4">col4</td>
      <td class="col5">col5</td>
      <td class="col6">col6</td>
      <td class="col7">col7</td>
      
      <td class="col1">col1</td>
      <td class="col2">col2</td>
      <td class="col3">col3</td>
      <td class="col4">col4</td>
      <td class="col5">col5</td>
      <td class="col6">col6</td>
      <td class="col7">col7</td>
      
      <td class="col1">col1</td>
      <td class="col2">col2</td>
      <td class="col3">col3</td>
      <td class="col4">col4</td>
      <td class="col5">col5</td>
      <td class="col6">col6</td>
      <td class="col7">col7</td>
    </tr>
  </tbody>
</table>
<br>

<button class="hide" data-target-index="1">1</button>
<button class="hide" data-target-index="2">2</button>
<button class="hide" data-target-index="3">3</button>
<button class="hide" data-target-index="4">4</button>
<button class="hide" data-target-index="5">5</button>
<button class="hide" data-target-index="6">6</button>
<button class="hide" data-target-index="7">7</button>

关键逻辑说明 #

• 读取与初始化：页面加载时从localStorage读取之前保存的隐藏列数组，没有则初始化为空数组，遍历数组把对应列隐藏。
• 状态更新：点击按钮切换列显示状态时，更新隐藏列数组——隐藏时加入数组，显示时从数组移除，再把数组转成字符串保存到localStorage（localStorage仅支持存储字符串）。
• 复用计算逻辑：把计算colspan的代码封装成函数，初始化和点击时都调用，避免重复代码。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者aastha