如何排查Windows 10上VS .NET Core Docker容器连接超时问题

我是Docker/容器新手，了解到Docker for Windows可配合Visual Studio通过DockerFile使用。创建默认.NET 6 MVC项目，IIS Express模式运行正常，但切换到Docker模式时，构建成功但浏览器打开应用超时。VS先弹出“远程操作耗时超出预期”，随后提示“与XXX.XX.XXX.XXX:XXXX的网络连接已丢失，调试将中止”。确定后Chrome打开http://localhost:0/，关闭防火墙也无效。

生成的默认DockerFile代码 #

FROM mcr.microsoft.com/dotnet/aspnet:6.0 AS base
WORKDIR /app
EXPOSE 80

FROM mcr.microsoft.com/dotnet/sdk:6.0 AS build
WORKDIR /src
COPY ["testingDocker.csproj", "."]
RUN dotnet restore "./testingDocker.csproj"
COPY . .
WORKDIR "/src/."
RUN dotnet build "testingDocker.csproj" -c Release -o /app/build

FROM build AS publish
RUN dotnet publish "testingDocker.csproj" -c Release -o /app/publish 
#/p:UseAppHost=false

FROM base AS final
WORKDIR /app
COPY --from=publish /app/publish .
ENTRYPOINT ["dotnet", "testingDocker.dll"]

排查过程 #

• 拉取其他示例镜像（如markheath/samplewebapp:windows和kgpkgp/samplewebapp:latest），用命令 docker run -d -p 8081:80 --name ContainerName ImageName:TagName ping -t localhost 映射端口运行，可通过http://localhost:8081/正常访问，排除网络和防火墙问题。
• Docker Desktop中，testingdocker镜像存在，但testingDocker容器已停止，状态为“EXITED (4294967295)”，无“在浏览器中打开”选项。
• 命令行基于现有镜像创建新容器（docker run -d -p 8083:80....），容器运行成功且出现“在浏览器中打开”选项，但点击后http://localhost:8083/加载失败，提示“localhost took too long to respond”(ERR_CONNECTION_TIMED_OUT)。

补充发现 #

切换到Release模式而非Debug模式时，项目可正常在Docker中运行并在浏览器打开，但Release模式无法调试代码，演示中Debug模式是支持单步调试的。尝试将DockerFile中的“Release”改为“Debug”，无效果。

VS容器工具输出 #

========== Checking for Container Prerequisites ==========
Verifying that Docker Desktop is installed...
Docker Desktop is installed.
========== Verifying that Docker Desktop is running... ==========
Verifying that Docker Desktop is running...
Docker Desktop is running.
========== Verifying Docker OS ==========
Verifying that Docker Desktop's operating system mode matches the project's target operating system...
Docker Desktop's operating system mode matches the project's target operating system.
========== Pulling Required Images ==========
Checking for missing Docker images...
Pulling Docker images. To cancel this download, close the command prompt window.
docker pull mcr.microsoft.com/dotnet/aspnet:6.0
Docker images are ready.
========== Warming up container(s) for testingDocker ==========
Starting up container(s)...
docker build -f "C:\J\testingDocker\testingDocker\Dockerfile" --force-rm -t testingdocker:dev --target base  --label "com.microsoft.created-by=visual-studio" --label "com.microsoft.visual-studio.project-name=testingDocker" "C:\J\testingDocker\testingDocker" 
Sending build context to Docker daemon  8.199MB

Step 1/5 : FROM mcr.microsoft.com/dotnet/aspnet:6.0 AS base
 ---> 1eaec0f2abb1
Step 2/5 : WORKDIR /app
 ---> Running in d3b72aeec68e
Removing intermediate container d3b72aeec68e
 ---> 3f573ca3d231
Step 3/5 : EXPOSE 8080
 ---> Running in a880a99ebd54
Removing intermediate container a880a99ebd54
 ---> 22255aa22f3f
Step 4/5 : LABEL com.microsoft.created-by=visual-studio
 ---> Running in 58b503e11d66
Removing intermediate container 58b503e11d66
 ---> 41c0305f94a5
Step 5/5 : LABEL com.microsoft.visual-studio.project-name=testingDocker
 ---> Running in 3dea4d690e3c
Removing intermediate container 3dea4d690e3c
 ---> d05c6888e64f
Successfully built d05c6888e64f
Successfully tagged testingdocker:dev

Use 'docker scan' to run Snyk tests against images to find vulnerabilities and learn how to fix them
docker rm -f 2319c1e877821720d122cd45ee01c27cabf410acee68d41528e691a19e1bc8c5
2319c1e877821720d122cd45ee01c27cabf410acee68d41528e691a19e1bc8c5
docker run -dt -v "C:\Users\James\onecoremsvsmon\17.3.10630.1389:C:\remote_debugger:ro" -v "C:\J\testingDocker\testingDocker:C:\app" -v "C:\J\testingDocker\testingDocker:c:\src" -v "C:\Users\James\.nuget\packages\:c:\.nuget\fallbackpackages2" -v "C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\Shared\NuGetPackages:c:\.nuget\fallbackpackages" -e "ASPNETCORE_LOGGING__CONSOLE__DISABLECOLORS=true" -e "ASPNETCORE_ENVIRONMENT=Development" -e "DOTNET_USE_POLLING_FILE_WATCHER=1" -e "NUGET_PACKAGES=c:\.nuget\fallbackpackages2" -e "NUGET_FALLBACK_PACKAGES=c:\.nuget\fallbackpackages;c:\.nuget\fallbackpackages2" -P --name testingDocker_1 --entrypoint C:\remote_debugger\x64\msvsmon.exe testingdocker:dev /noauth /anyuser /silent /nostatus /noclrwarn /nosecuritywarn /nofirewallwarn /nowowwarn /fallbackloadremotemanagedpdbs /timeout:2147483646 /LogDebuggeeOutputToStdOut 
51a6d9e31decdc7adf618d8cadbe09ef26e3aa19c13a7d63f13353761a333f89
Container started successfully.
========== Finished ==========

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者J L