基于NATS WebSocket对接Sofascore电竞数据报错及库选型咨询

我要开发WebSocket程序获取Sofascore平台的所有电竞事件数据，分析后需要先发送认证内容再订阅对应赛事。已编写Python代码，但运行时出现认证超时错误，且发现该服务基于NATS网络，找不到支持WebSocket的NATS Python库。

代码实现 #

import websockets
import asyncio
from websockets.extensions import permessage_deflate


async def esports():
    async with websockets.connect('wss://ws.sofascore.com:9222/', compression='deflate') as websocket:
        msg = await websocket.recv()
        print(f"From Server: {msg}")
        t = await websocket.send(
            'CONNECT {"no_responders":true,"protocol":1,"verbose":false,"pedantic":false,"user":"none","pass":"none","lang":"nats.ws","version":"1.8.1","headers":true}')
        await websocket.send("PING")
        pong = await websocket.recv()
        print(f"From Server: {pong}")
        await websocket.send(
            'SUB sport.esports 6')
        while (True):
            msg = await websocket.recv()
            print(f"From Server: {msg}")


asyncio.get_event_loop().run_until_complete(esports())

错误信息 #

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "C:\Users\Coding\Desktop\websockett.py", line 23, in <module>
    asyncio.get_event_loop().run_until_complete(esports())
  File "C:\Users\Coding\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python39-32\lib\asyncio\base_events.py", line 642, in run_until_complete
    return future.result()
  File "C:\Users\Coding\Desktop\websockett.py", line 15, in esports
    await websocket.send(
  File "C:\Users\Coding\AppData\Roaming\Python\Python39\site-packages\websockets\legacy\protocol.py", line 620, in send
    await self.ensure_open()
  File "C:\Users\Coding\AppData\Roaming\Python\Python39\site-packages\websockets\legacy\protocol.py", line 921, in ensure_open
    raise self.connection_closed_exc()
websockets.exceptions.ConnectionClosedError: received 1008 (policy violation) Authentication Timeout; then sent 1008 (policy violation) Authentication Timeout

Process finished with exit code 1

1. 修复认证超时问题 #

出现1008认证超时错误，核心原因是NATS over WebSocket协议流程不符合要求，以及消息格式、压缩配置存在问题，调整后的代码如下：

import websockets
import asyncio
import json
from websockets.extensions import permessage_deflate


async def esports():
    # 精确配置permessage_deflate压缩，匹配服务器要求
    extensions = [
        permessage_deflate.ClientPerMessageDeflateFactory(
            server_no_context_takeover=True,
            client_no_context_takeover=True,
        )
    ]
    
    async with websockets.connect(
        'wss://ws.sofascore.com:9222/',
        extensions=extensions,
        ping_interval=10,  # 定期发送PING维持连接
        ping_timeout=5
    ) as websocket:
        # 先接收服务器发送的INFO消息（NATS协议第一步）
        info_msg = await websocket.recv()
        print(f"服务器INFO: {info_msg}")
        
        # 构造符合NATS规范的CONNECT命令，结尾需加CRLF(\r\n)
        connect_payload = json.dumps({
            "no_responders": True,
            "protocol": 1,
            "verbose": False,
            "pedantic": False,
            "user": "none",
            "pass": "none",
            "lang": "nats.ws",
            "version": "1.8.1",
            "headers": True
        })
        await websocket.send(f"CONNECT {connect_payload}\r\n")
        print("已发送CONNECT认证")
        
        # 接收服务器的认证响应（OK或ERR）
        connect_resp = await websocket.recv()
        print(f"认证响应: {connect_resp}")
        
        # 发送PING维持连接，同样需加CRLF
        await websocket.send("PING\r\n")
        pong = await websocket.recv()
        print(f"PONG响应: {pong}")
        
        # 订阅电竞主题，SUB命令格式：SUB <主题> <队列组> <会话ID>，队列组为空时保留空格
        await websocket.send("SUB sport.esports  6\r\n")
        print("已订阅sport.esports主题")
        
        # 持续接收赛事数据
        while True:
            msg = await websocket.recv()
            print(f"收到赛事数据: {msg}")

asyncio.run(esports())

关键修改点： #

• 压缩配置：使用ClientPerMessageDeflateFactory精确配置permessage_deflate，替代简单的compression='deflate'，确保和服务器压缩规则匹配
• 协议流程：严格遵循NATS over WebSocket流程：先接收服务器INFO消息，再发送CONNECT认证，避免超时
• 消息格式：所有NATS命令结尾必须加\r\n（CRLF），否则服务器无法识别命令
• 连接维持：设置ping_interval和ping_timeout，定期发送PING包防止连接被服务器断开

2. NATS WebSocket Python库问题 #

目前官方的nats.py库仅支持TCP连接，没有原生WebSocket支持。你可以基于websockets库自行封装NATS核心命令（CONNECT、PING、SUB、UNSUB等），因为NATS over WebSocket使用文本帧传输，每个命令都是一行带CRLF结尾的字符串，实现成本较低。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者CodingLion