如何在Python中实现带标点处理的猪拉丁语句子转换？

问题背景 #

要实现英文句子转猪拉丁语，但当前代码无法正确处理带标点的单词——标点会被当成单词的一部分，导致转换后缀加在标点后面，不符合预期。

现有代码 #

user_input = input('Enter a Sentence: ').lower()
words = user_input.split()
vowels = ['a', 'e', 'i', 'o', 'u']

for x, word in enumerate(words):
    if word[0] in vowels:
        words[x] = words[x]+ "way"

    else:
        has_vowel = False
        
        for y, letter in enumerate(word):
            if letter in vowels:
                words[x] = word[y:] + word[:y] + "ay"
                has_vowel = True
                break
        if(has_vowel == False):
            words[x] = words[x]+ "ay"

pig_latin = ' '.join(words)
print("Pig Latin: ",pig_latin)

问题现象 #

• 输入：egg!
• 期望输出：eggway!
• 实际输出：egg!way

错误尝试分析 #

你尝试添加标点列表并增加elif分支，但出错原因是混淆了列表和字符串的操作：words是存储单词的列表，words[x:-1]取的是列表的切片（不是当前单词的字符串切片），所以导致字符串和列表拼接的错误。

修复方案 #

核心思路是先分离单词的主体部分和末尾标点，对纯单词主体做猪拉丁语转换，再把标点追加回去。具体代码修改如下：

user_input = input('Enter a Sentence: ').lower()
words = user_input.split()
vowels = ['a', 'e', 'i', 'o', 'u']
# 定义需要处理的标点集合
punct_list = {"!", "(", ")", "[", "]", "{", "}", ";", ":", "'", '"', "?", "/", "\\", "*", "<", ">", "-", "@", "^", "&", "_", ",", "~", "#", "%", ".", "$", "`"}

for x, word in enumerate(words):
    # 分离单词主体和末尾标点
    word_body = word
    punctuation = ""
    # 从后往前遍历，把末尾的标点都摘出来
    while len(word_body) > 0 and word_body[-1] in punct_list:
        punctuation = word_body[-1] + punctuation
        word_body = word_body[:-1]
    
    # 对纯单词主体进行猪拉丁语转换
    if len(word_body) == 0:
        # 极端情况：全是标点，直接保留
        transformed = punctuation
    else:
        if word_body[0] in vowels:
            transformed = word_body + "way"
        else:
            has_vowel = False
            for y, letter in enumerate(word_body):
                if letter in vowels:
                    transformed = word_body[y:] + word_body[:y] + "ay"
                    has_vowel = True
                    break
            if not has_vowel:
                transformed = word_body + "ay"
        # 把标点加回去
        transformed += punctuation
    
    # 更新列表中的单词
    words[x] = transformed

pig_latin = ' '.join(words)
print("Pig Latin: ", pig_latin)

测试验证 #

• 输入：egg! → 输出：eggway!
• 输入：hello, world! → 输出：ellohay, orldway!
• 输入：xyz → 输出：xyzay

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者KushKage