如何在Python无人机高度折线图中添加飞行阶段分类标签？

方法一：按飞行阶段颜色编码折线 #

通过颜色区分不同飞行阶段的折线段，直观展示阶段变化与高度的关联。

示例代码（Python + Matplotlib） #

import pandas as pd
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

# 加载数据集（替换为你的实际数据路径或加载逻辑）
data = pd.DataFrame({
    'time (s)': [1,2,50,51,200,201,202,203,250,251,300,301],
    'phase': ['take off','take off','cruise','cruise','landing','landing','take off','take off','cruise','cruise','landing','landing'],
    'altitude': [10,20,500,500,20,10,10,20,500,500,20,10]
})

# 定义阶段-颜色映射
phase_colors = {
    'take off': '#FF6B6B',
    'cruise': '#4ECDC4',
    'landing': '#FFE66D'
}

plt.figure(figsize=(12,6))

# 识别阶段切换点
data['phase_shift'] = data['phase'] != data['phase'].shift()
shift_indices = data[data['phase_shift']].index.tolist()
shift_indices.append(len(data))

# 分段绘制不同颜色的折线
for i in range(len(shift_indices)-1):
    start_idx = shift_indices[i]
    end_idx = shift_indices[i+1]
    segment = data.iloc[start_idx:end_idx]
    current_phase = segment['phase'].iloc[0]
    # 仅在第一次出现阶段时添加图例项
    plt.plot(segment['time (s)'], segment['altitude'], 
             color=phase_colors[current_phase], linewidth=2, 
             label=current_phase if i == 0 else "")

# 在阶段中间位置添加文本标注
for phase in data['phase'].unique():
    phase_segment = data[data['phase'] == phase]
    mid_time = phase_segment['time (s)'].mean()
    mid_alt = phase_segment['altitude'].mean()
    plt.text(mid_time, mid_alt, phase, fontsize=12, 
             ha='center', va='center', 
             bbox=dict(facecolor='white', alpha=0.8))

# 图表基础设置
plt.xlabel('Time (s)', fontsize=12)
plt.ylabel('Altitude', fontsize=12)
plt.title('UAV Altitude vs Flight Phase', fontsize=14)
plt.legend(title='Flight Phase')
plt.grid(alpha=0.3)
plt.tight_layout()
plt.show()

方法二：标注阶段起始/变化节点 #

在折线图上标记阶段切换的时间点，并用文本标注对应阶段，适合突出阶段转换的关键节点。

示例代码 #

import pandas as pd
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

data = pd.DataFrame({
    'time (s)': [1,2,50,51,200,201,202,203,250,251,300,301],
    'phase': ['take off','take off','cruise','cruise','landing','landing','take off','take off','cruise','cruise','landing','landing'],
    'altitude': [10,20,500,500,20,10,10,20,500,500,20,10]
})

plt.figure(figsize=(12,6))

# 绘制基础高度折线
plt.plot(data['time (s)'], data['altitude'], color='gray', linewidth=2, label='Altitude')

# 筛选阶段切换点
data['phase_shift'] = data['phase'] != data['phase'].shift()
shift_points = data[data['phase_shift']]

# 标记切换节点并添加阶段标注
for _, row in shift_points.iterrows():
    plt.scatter(row['time (s)'], row['altitude'], color='red', s=80, zorder=5)
    # 偏移标注位置避免遮挡折线
    plt.text(row['time (s)'] + 2, row['altitude'] + 10, row['phase'], 
             fontsize=11, ha='left', va='bottom')

# 图表基础设置
plt.xlabel('Time (s)', fontsize=12)
plt.ylabel('Altitude', fontsize=12)
plt.title('UAV Altitude with Phase Change Markers', fontsize=14)
plt.legend()
plt.grid(alpha=0.3)
plt.tight_layout()
plt.show()

实用提示 #

• 若数据集是连续时间序列，方法一的颜色编码展示更流畅；若时间点间隔较大，方法二的节点标注更清晰
• 可根据需求调整颜色映射、标注位置、折线粗细等样式，优化图表可读性

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者user20040937