React Native CLI编译Kotlin失败，JDK兼容及环境问题求助

问题 #

之前用Expo CLI开发一切正常，切换到React Native CLI后出现编译错误，错误日志如下：

info Running jetifier to migrate libraries to AndroidX. You can disable it using "--no-jetifier" flag.
Jetifier found 936 file(s) to forward-jetify. Using 12 workers...
info JS server already running.
info Installing the app...

> Task :react-native-gradle-plugin:compileKotlin FAILED
'compileJava' task (current target is 1.8) and 'compileKotlin' task (current target is 11) jvm target compatibility should be set to the same Java version.
1 actionable task: 1 executed

FAILURE: Build failed with an exception.

* What went wrong:
Execution failed for task ':react-native-gradle-plugin:compileKotlin'.
> Failed to query the value of task ':react-native-gradle-plugin:compileKotlin' property 'compilerRunner$kotlin_gradle_plugin'.
   > Kotlin could not find the required JDK tools in the Java installation. Make sure Kotlin compilation is running on a JDK, not JRE.

* Try:
> Run with --stacktrace option to get the stack trace.
> Run with --info or --debug option to get more log output.
> Run with --scan to get full insights.

* Get more help at https://help.gradle.org

BUILD FAILED in 4s

error Failed to install the app. Make sure you have the Android development environment set up: https://reactnative.dev/docs/environment-setup.
Error: Command failed: gradlew.bat app:installDebug -PreactNativeDevServerPort=8081

FAILURE: Build failed with an exception.

* What went wrong:
Execution failed for task ':react-native-gradle-plugin:compileKotlin'.
> Failed to query the value of task ':react-native-gradle-plugin:compileKotlin' property 'compilerRunner$kotlin_gradle_plugin'.
   > Kotlin could not find the required JDK tools in the Java installation. Make sure Kotlin compilation is running on a JDK, not JRE.

* Try:
> Run with --stacktrace option to get the stack trace.
> Run with --info or --debug option to get more log output.
> Run with --scan to get full insights.

* Get more help at https://help.gradle.org

BUILD FAILED in 4s

    at makeError (C:\Users\dhanp\React native projects\test3\ProjectName\node_modules\execa\index.js:174:9)
    at C:\Users\dhanp\React native projects\test3\ProjectName\node_modules\execa\index.js:278:16
    at process.processTicksAndRejections (node:internal/process/task_queues:95:5)
    at async runOnAllDevices (C:\Users\dhanp\React native projects\test3\ProjectName\node_modules\@react-native-community\cli-platform-android\build\commands\runAndroid\runOnAllDevices.js:109:5)
    at async Command.handleAction (C:\Users\dhanp\React native projects\test3\ProjectName\node_modules\@react-native-community\cli\build\index.js:192:9)
info Run CLI with --verbose flag for more details

运行gradlew clean时也触发相同错误：

> Task :react-native-gradle-plugin:compileKotlin FAILED
'compileJava' task (current target is 1.8) and 'compileKotlin' task (current target is 11) jvm target compatibility should be set to the same Java version.

FAILURE: Build failed with an exception.

* What went wrong:
Execution failed for task ':react-native-gradle-plugin:compileKotlin'.
> Failed to query the value of task ':react-native-gradle-plugin:compileKotlin' property 'compilerRunner$kotlin_gradle_plugin'.
   > Kotlin could not find the required JDK tools in the Java installation. Make sure Kotlin compilation is running on a JDK, not JRE.

* Try:
> Run with --stacktrace option to get the stack trace.
> Run with --info or --debug option to get more log output.
> Run with --scan to get full insights.

* Get more help at https://help.gradle.org

BUILD FAILED in 4s
1 actionable task: 1 executed

当前项目配置：

• 根目录build.gradle：

dependencies {
        classpath("com.android.tools.build:gradle:7.2.1")
        classpath("com.facebook.react:react-native-gradle-plugin")
        classpath("de.undercouch:gradle-download-task:4.1.2")
        // NOTE: Do not place your application dependencies here; they belong
        // in the individual module build.gradle files
    }

• gradle-wrapper.properties：

distributionBase=GRADLE_USER_HOME
distributionPath=wrapper/dists
distributionUrl=https\://services.gradle.org/distributions/gradle-7.4.2-all.zip
zipStoreBase=GRADLE_USER_HOME
zipStorePath=wrapper/dists

已尝试的操作：

• 修改classpath和gradle distribution URL
• 在build.gradle中添加Java 11兼容配置，但问题未解决：

android {
compileOptions {
sourceCompatibility = JavaVersion.VERSION_11
targetCompatibility = JavaVersion.VERSION_11
}

kotlinOptions {
jvmTarget = JavaVersion.VERSION_11.toString()
}
}

解决方案 #

1. 安装并确认使用JDK 11 #

• 打开命令行，执行java -version和javac -version。如果javac提示不存在，说明当前环境用的是JRE，必须换成JDK 11。
• 下载JDK 11并安装，安装路径避免中文或特殊字符。

2. 配置环境变量指向JDK 11 #

• 设置JAVA_HOME为JDK 11的安装根目录（例如C:\Program Files\Java\jdk-11.0.19）。
• 将%JAVA_HOME%\bin移到系统PATH变量的最顶端，确保系统优先调用JDK 11的工具。
• 重启命令行，再次执行java -version和javac -version，确认两者都显示JDK 11版本。

3. 统一项目全局Java版本配置 #

修改根目录build.gradle，在buildscript块中添加全局编译配置，确保Java和Kotlin版本一致：

buildscript {
    ext {
        buildToolsVersion = "33.0.0"
        minSdkVersion = 21
        compileSdkVersion = 33
        targetSdkVersion = 33
        kotlinVersion = "1.7.20" // 版本需与React Native兼容，可根据RN版本调整
    }
    repositories {
        google()
        mavenCentral()
    }
    dependencies {
        classpath("com.android.tools.build:gradle:7.2.1")
        classpath("com.facebook.react:react-native-gradle-plugin")
        classpath("de.undercouch:gradle-download-task:4.1.2")
        classpath("org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-gradle-plugin:${ext.kotlinVersion}")
    }
    // 全局配置Java和Kotlin编译版本
    tasks.withType(org.jetbrains.kotlin.gradle.tasks.KotlinCompile).configureEach {
        kotlinOptions.jvmTarget = JavaVersion.VERSION_11.toString()
    }
    tasks.withType(JavaCompile).configureEach {
        sourceCompatibility = JavaVersion.VERSION_11
        targetCompatibility = JavaVersion.VERSION_11
    }
}

同时修改app/build.gradle，保持模块级配置一致：

android {
    compileSdkVersion rootProject.ext.compileSdkVersion

    compileOptions {
        sourceCompatibility JavaVersion.VERSION_11
        targetCompatibility JavaVersion.VERSION_11
    }

    kotlinOptions {
        jvmTarget = JavaVersion.VERSION_11.toString()
    }
}

4. 清理缓存后重新构建 #

• 执行gradlew clean清除旧编译缓存。
• 执行npx react-native run-android重新启动项目。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Dhanush Raja