You need to enable JavaScript to run this app.
优惠活动
大模型
产品
解决方案
定价
更多

为何我的基于游程编码的C控制台矩阵绘制算法无法正常工作？

avatar
安全阿岳
2026-8-18
游程编码实现控制台矩阵绘制的问题与修复

我尝试用游程编码（Run Length Encoding）算法把矩阵输出到C语言控制台，思路是把每行连续相同的元素归为一组批量打印，减少控制台IO次数，还能通过SetConsoleTextAttribute给每组设置颜色实现彩色ASCII图形。比如某行是01110000，只需三次打印：1个0、3个1、4个0。但现有代码存在大量未定义行为，输出和预期差异极大，FPS也没达到100-500的预期。

原代码 

#include <stdio.h>
#include <time.h>
#include <windows.h>

const int sizeX = 20;
const int sizeY = 20;
char line[20];

int grid[20][20] = {{1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,1,0},
                    {0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0},               
                    {0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0},                   
                    {0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0},                       
                    {0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0},                               
                    {0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0},                                   
                    {0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0},                                   
                    {0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0},                                   
                    {0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0},                                   
                    {0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0},                                   
                    {0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0},                                       
                    {0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0},                                   
                    {0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,2,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0},                                   
                    {0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0},                                   
                    {0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0},                                   
                    {0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0},                                   
                    {0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0},                                   
                    {0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0},                                   
                    {0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0}};
                                                                                
void clearScreen(){ 
 COORD cursorPosition;  cursorPosition.X = 0;   cursorPosition.Y = 0;   SetConsoleCursorPosition(GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE), cursorPosition);
}

void draw_screen(){
 clearScreen();
 int y, x;
 for(y=0;y<sizeY;y++){
  for(x=0;x<sizeX;x++){
    if(grid[y][x] == 1){
        line[x] = '1';
        if(grid[y][x+1] != 1){
            fputs(line, stdout);
            if(grid[y][x+1] > sizeX){
                putc('\n', stdout);
            }
        }
    }
    else if(grid[y][x] == 2){
        line[x] = '2';
        if(grid[y][x+1] != 2){
            fputs(line, stdout);
            if(grid[y][x+1] > sizeX){
                putc('\n', stdout);
            }
        }
    }
    else if(grid[y][x] == 0){
        line[x] = '0';
        if(grid[y][x+1] != 0){
            fputs(line, stdout);
            if(grid[y][x+1] > sizeX){
                putc('\n', stdout);
            }
        }
    }
  }
  putc('\n', stdout);
 }
} 

int main(void) {
 int x, y;
 float frameTime, FPS;

 while (1) {
  clock_t start = clock();
  draw_screen();
  clock_t stop = clock();
  frameTime = (float)(stop - start) / CLOCKS_PER_SEC;
  FPS = 1.0 / frameTime;
  printf("FPS: %f\n", FPS);
 }
}

实际输出 

100000000000000000001000000000000000000010000000000000001110




0000000000000000000000000000010000000000




00000000000000000000000100000000000000000001000000000000000000010000010000000000




0000000000000000000000000000000200000000






00000000000000000000

预期输出 

10000000000000001110
00000000000000000000
00000000000000000000
00000000000000000000
00000000010000000000
00000000000000000000
00000000000000000000
00000000000000000000
00010000010000000000
00000000000000000000
00000000000000000000
00000000000000000000
00000000000200000000
00000000000000000000
00000000000000000000
00000000000000000000
00000000000000000000
00000000000000000000
00000000000000000000
00000000000000000000

预期FPS：100-500

问题分析

  1. 数组越界访问：当x循环到sizeX-1（即第19个元素）时，x+1等于sizeX，此时访问grid[y][x+1]属于越界，触发未定义行为。
  2. line数组使用错误：每次仅设置line[x]的字符，然后用fputs(line, stdout)打印整个数组，而line中未被覆盖的位置保留之前的垃圾值，导致重复打印无效内容。
  3. 游程编码逻辑错误：没有统计连续相同元素的长度，而是每个元素都判断是否要打印，导致同一行多次输出整个line数组，输出内容重复混乱。
  4. 换行逻辑错误：判断grid[y][x+1] > sizeX完全不符合逻辑，grid中的元素是0/1/2，不可能大于sizeX，导致换行时机错误。
  5. 重复换行：draw_screen中每行循环结束后额外调用putc('\n')，加上错误逻辑中的换行，导致出现大量空行。

修复后的代码 

#include <stdio.h>
#include <time.h>
#include <windows.h>

const int sizeX = 20;
const int sizeY = 20;

int grid[20][20] = {{1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,1,0},
                    {0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0},               
                    {0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0},                   
                    {0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0},                       
                    {0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0},                               
                    {0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0},                                   
                    {0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0},                                   
                    {0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0},                                   
                    {0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0},                                   
                    {0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0},                                   
                    {0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0},                                       
                    {0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0},                                   
                    {0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,2,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0},                                   
                    {0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0},                                   
                    {0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0},                                   
                    {0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0},                                   
                    {0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0},                                   
                    {0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0},                                   
                    {0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0}};

void clearScreen() {
    COORD cursorPosition = {0, 0};
    SetConsoleCursorPosition(GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE), cursorPosition);
}

void draw_screen() {
    clearScreen();
    HANDLE hConsole = GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE);
    for (int y = 0; y < sizeY; y++) {
        int x = 0;
        while (x < sizeX) {
            int currentVal = grid[y][x];
            int count = 0;
            // 统计连续相同元素的数量
            while (x < sizeX && grid[y][x] == currentVal) {
                count++;
                x++;
            }
            // 设置颜色（示例：0=黑底白字，1=亮绿，2=亮红）
            switch (currentVal) {
                case 0: SetConsoleTextAttribute(hConsole, FOREGROUND_RED | FOREGROUND_GREEN | FOREGROUND_BLUE); break;
                case 1: SetConsoleTextAttribute(hConsole, FOREGROUND_GREEN | FOREGROUND_INTENSITY); break;
                case 2: SetConsoleTextAttribute(hConsole, FOREGROUND_RED | FOREGROUND_INTENSITY); break;
            }
            // 批量打印count个对应字符
            char c = '0' + currentVal;
            for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
                putc(c, stdout);
            }
        }
        // 换行，恢复默认颜色
        SetConsoleTextAttribute(hConsole, FOREGROUND_RED | FOREGROUND_GREEN | FOREGROUND_BLUE);
        putc('\n', stdout);
    }
}

int main(void) {
    // 隐藏光标，减少闪烁
    CONSOLE_CURSOR_INFO cursorInfo;
    GetConsoleCursorInfo(GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE), &cursorInfo);
    cursorInfo.bVisible = FALSE;
    SetConsoleCursorInfo(GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE), &cursorInfo);

    while (1) {
        clock_t start = clock();
        draw_screen();
        clock_t stop = clock();
        float frameTime = (float)(stop - start) / CLOCKS_PER_SEC;
        float FPS = 1.0f / frameTime;
        // 将FPS打印到矩阵下方固定位置，避免干扰输出
        COORD fpsPos = {0, sizeY};
        SetConsoleCursorPosition(GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE), fpsPos);
        printf("FPS: %.1f", FPS);
        // 控制帧率，避免过度占用CPU
        Sleep(1);
    }
    return 0;
}

修复说明

  1. 正确实现游程编码：每行通过嵌套循环统计连续相同元素的长度，批量打印对应字符，大幅减少控制台IO次数。
  2. 避免数组越界：循环条件严格控制x < sizeX，不会访问超出矩阵范围的元素。
  3. 优化控制台体验：隐藏光标减少闪烁，将FPS打印到矩阵下方固定位置，避免干扰输出；添加Sleep(1)平衡CPU占用与帧率。
  4. 实现彩色输出：通过SetConsoleTextAttribute为不同值设置对应颜色，符合最初的设计需求。
  5. 修复换行逻辑：每行结束后只打印一次换行，输出格式与预期完全一致。

效果验证

修复后的代码输出完全符合预期，控制台无多余空行

相关产品推荐
方舟 Agent Plan

超全模态模型 × Harness 升级，最新支持 Deepseek-V4.1-Flash、GLM-5.3 系列、Doubao-Seedream-5.0-pro、Kimi-K3 (部分)， 限时 9.9 元起

产品介绍相关文档
相关产品推荐
方舟 Agent Plan

超全模态模型 × Harness 升级，最新支持 Deepseek-V4.1-Flash、GLM-5.3 系列、Doubao-Seedream-5.0-pro、Kimi-K3 (部分)， 限时 9.9 元起

产品介绍相关文档
火山引擎 最新活动
全面开放
Doubao-Seedance-2.5全新模型升级

模型再升级,30秒超长叙事, 模态参考扩容

HOT
方舟Codingplan

模型自由，工具不限，最新支持 Deepseek-V4 系列、GLM-5.3 系列

HOT
方舟Agent plan

超全模态模型 × Harness 升级，最新支持 Deepseek-V4.1-Flash、GLM-5.3 系列

HOT
新用户特惠专场

大模型19元起，Al应用9.9元畅享，新人首购爆款尽享优惠

最近更新时间：2026.08.18 23:40:32