CLIPS中用户输入的比较运算符使用问题及调试求助

问题描述 #

• 作为CLIPS初学者，编写程序用于返回与用户人口统计信息最匹配的公司名称。将用户性别、种族、年龄分别存入对应变量，但使用比较运算符判断时出错：规则中的(= 1 input)语句提示"Function '=' expected argument #2 to be of type integer or float"，尽管已限制用户仅输入整数。
• 简化代码后仍无法访问历史用户输入，请求技术帮助。

原代码 #

(deftemplate company
   (slot name)
   (slot men)
   (slot women)
   (slot Asian)
   (slot Black)
   (slot Latinx)
   (slot Indigenous)
   (slot White)
   (slot Other)
   (slot <18)
   (slot 18-20)
   (slot 21-29)
   (slot 30-39)
   (slot 40+))

(deffacts demographics
   (company (name Google)(men 0.669)(women 0.331)(Asian 0.428)(Black 0.088)(Latinx 0.088)(Indigenous 0.007)(White 0.445)(Other 0)(<18 0.02)(18-20 0.11)(21-29 0.59)(30-39 0.19)(40+ 0.07))
   (company (name Apple)(men 0.652)(women 0.348)(Asian 0.279)(Black 0.094)(Latinx 0.148)(Indigenous 0.007)(White 0.438)(Other 0.032)(<18 0.01)(18-20 0.1)(21-29 0.57)(30-39 0.22)(40+ 0.06)))

(defrule begin => (assert (phase select-gender)))

(defrule menu (phase select-gender) => 
   (printout t "Do you identify as a (1) man or (2) woman?: ") (assert (userinput (read))))

(defrule selection-okay
  ?phase <- (phase select-gender)
   ?input <- (userinput ?select&1|2)
   =>
   (retract ?phase)
   (assert (selection ?select))
   (assert (phase select-ethnicity)))

(defrule selection-nokay
   ?phase <- (phase select-gender)
   ?input <- (userinput ?select&~1&~2)
   =>
   (retract ?phase)
   (assert (phase select-gender))
   (printout t ?select " is not a valid response. Please enter 1 or 2."crlf))

(defrule menu2 (phase select-ethnicity) =>
   (printout t "Do you identify as (1)Asian, (2)Black, (3)Latinx, (4)Indigenous, (5)White, or (6)Other?: ") (assert (userinput2 (read))))

(defrule selection-okay2
   ?phase <- (phase select-ethnicity)
   ?input2 <- (userinput2 ?select&1|2|3|4|5|6)
   =>
   (retract ?phase)
   (assert (selection ?select))
   (assert (phase select-age)))

(defrule selection-nokay2
   ?phase <- (phase select-ethnicity)
   ?input2 <- (userinput2 ?select&~1&~2&~3&~4&~5&~6)
   =>
   (retract ?phase)
   (assert (phase select-ethnicity))
   (printout t ?select " is not a valid response. Please enter 1 through 6."crlf))

(defrule menu3 (phase select-age) =>
   (printout t "You are age: (1)<18, (2)18-20, (3)20-30, (4)30-40, (5)40+?: ") (assert (userinput3 (read))))

(defrule selection-okay3
   ?phase <- (phase select-age)
   ?input3 <- (userinput3 ?select&1|2|3|4|5)
   =>
   (retract ?phase)
   (assert (selection ?select))
   (assert (phase company-gender-men)))

(defrule selection-nokay3
   ?phase <- (phase select-age)
   ?input3 <- (userinput3 ?select&~1&~2&~3&~4&~5)
   =>
   (retract ?phase)
   (assert (phase select-age))
   (printout t ?select " is not a valid response. Please enter 1 through 5."crlf))

(defrule get-company-by-gender-men
   ?phase <- (company-gender-men)
   (= 1 input)
   (> (fact-slot-value 1 men) (fact-slot-value 2 men))
   =>
   (retract ?phase)
   (printout t (fact-slot-value 1 name) crlf))

;(fact-slot-value 1 name)
;(> (fact-slot-value 1 men) (fact-slot-value 2 men))

简化测试代码 #

(deftemplate company
   (slot name)
   (slot men)
   (slot women)
   (slot Asian)
   (slot Black)
   (slot Latinx)
   (slot Indigenous)
   (slot White)
   (slot Other)
   (slot <18)
   (slot 18-20)
   (slot 21-29)
   (slot 30-39)
   (slot 40+))

(deffacts demographics
   (company (name Google)(men 0.669)(women 0.331)(Asian 0.428)(Black 0.088)(Latinx 0.088)(Indigenous 0.007)(White 0.445)(Other 0)(<18 0.02)(18-20 0.11)(21-29 0.59)(30-39 0.19)(40+ 0.07))
   (company (name Apple)(men 0.652)(women 0.348)(Asian 0.279)(Black 0.094)(Latinx 0.148)(Indigenous 0.007)(White 0.438)(Other 0.032)(<18 0.01)(18-20 0.1)(21-29 0.57)(30-39 0.22)(40+ 0.06)))

(defrule begin => (assert (phase select-gender)))

(defrule menu (phase select-gender) => 
   (printout t "Do you identify as a (1) man or (2) woman?: ") (assert (userinput (read)))(assert(phase select-ethnicity)))

(defrule menu2 (phase select-ethnicity) =>
   (printout t "Do you identify as (1)Asian, (2)Black, (3)Latinx, (4)Indigenous, (5)White, or (6)Other?: ") (assert (userinput2 (read)))(assert(phase select-age)))

(defrule menu3 (phase select-age) =>
   (printout t "You are age: (1)<18, (2)18-20, (3)20-30, (4)30-40, (5)40+?: ") (assert (userinput3 (read)))(assert(phase company-gender-men)))

(defrule get-company-by-gender-men
   ?phase <- (company-gender-men)
   (userinput ?userinput)
   =>
   (retract ?phase)
   (printout t ?userinput "can see user input"crlf))

问题解决思路 #

1. 比较运算符类型错误修复 #

原规则get-company-by-gender-men中的(= 1 input)写法错误，input不是合法变量，需先匹配userinput事实并绑定变量，再通过test函数进行比较。修正后的规则：

(defrule get-company-by-gender-men
   ?phase <- (phase company-gender-men)
   (userinput ?select)
   (test (= ?select 1))
   ?c1 <- (company (name ?n1) (men ?m1))
   ?c2 <- (company (name ?n2&~?n1) (men ?m2))
   (test (> ?m1 ?m2))
   =>
   (retract ?phase)
   (printout t ?n1 crlf))

• 通过(userinput ?select)将用户输入的性别选择绑定到?select变量
• 用(test (= ?select 1))判断用户选择男性
• 匹配两家公司事实并比较男性占比，输出占比更高的公司名称

2. 历史用户输入访问问题修复 #

简化代码中规则触发顺序易导致输入事实无法被匹配，建议将用户所有人口统计信息整合到一个事实中，避免事实分散：

; 修改性别选择规则，将输入存入统一的demographic事实
(defrule selection-okay
  ?phase <- (phase select-gender)
   ?input <- (userinput ?select&1|2)
   =>
   (retract ?phase ?input)
   (assert (demographic (gender ?select)))
   (assert (phase select-ethnicity)))

; 种族选择规则，补充demographic事实的种族字段
(defrule selection-okay2
   ?phase <- (phase select-ethnicity)
   ?input2 <- (userinput2 ?select&1|2|3|4|5|6)
   ?demo <- (demographic (gender ?g))
   =>
   (retract ?phase ?input2 ?demo)
   (assert (demographic (gender ?g) (ethnicity ?select)))
   (assert (phase select-age)))

; 年龄选择规则，补充demographic事实的年龄字段
(defrule selection-okay3
   ?phase <- (phase select-age)
   ?input3 <- (userinput3 ?select&1|2|3|4|5)
   ?demo <- (demographic (gender ?g) (ethnicity ?e))
   =>
   (retract ?phase ?input3 ?demo)
   (assert (demographic (gender ?g) (ethnicity ?e) (age ?select)))
   (assert (phase company-match)))

后续匹配公司的规则可直接通过(demographic (gender ?g) (ethnicity ?e) (age ?a))获取所有用户输入，解决历史输入访问问题。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Nicholas Chiu