虚拟环境中运行任意pip命令触发AttributeError问题求助

我的Linux Mint 21系统（Python 3.10）里的虚拟环境venv中pip突然故障，运行任何pip命令（比如pip install --upgrade pip）都会抛出以下错误：

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/home/user/code/home-stuff/.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/pip/_internal/cli/base_command.py", line 165, in exc_logging_wrapper
    status = run_func(*args)
  File "/home/user/code/home-stuff/.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/pip/_internal/cli/req_command.py", line 205, in wrapper
    return func(self, options, args)
  File "/home/user/code/home-stuff/.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/pip/_internal/commands/install.py", line 339, in run
    requirement_set = resolver.resolve(
  File "/home/user/code/home-stuff/.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/pip/_internal/resolution/resolvelib/resolver.py", line 94, in resolve
    result = self._result = resolver.resolve(
  File "/home/user/code/home-stuff/.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/pip/_vendor/resolvelib/resolvers.py", line 481, in resolve
    state = resolution.resolve(requirements, max_rounds=max_rounds)
  File "/home/user/code/home-stuff/.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/pip/_vendor/resolvelib/resolvers.py", line 348, in resolve
    self._add_to_criteria(self.state.criteria, r, parent=None)
  File "/home/user/code/home-stuff/.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/pip/_vendor/resolvelib/resolvers.py", line 172, in _add_to_criteria
    if not criterion.candidates:
  File "/home/user/code/home-stuff/.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/pip/_vendor/resolvelib/structs.py", line 151, in __bool__
    return bool(self._sequence)
  File "/home/user/code/home-stuff/.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/pip/_internal/resolution/resolvelib/found_candidates.py", line 155, in __bool__
    return any(self)
  File "/home/user/code/home-stuff/.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/pip/_internal/resolution/resolvelib/found_candidates.py", line 143, in <genexpr>
    return (c for c in iterator if id(c) not in self._incompatible_ids)
  File "/home/user/code/home-stuff/.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/pip/_internal/resolution/resolvelib/found_candidates.py", line 44, in _iter_built
    for version, func in infos:
  File "/home/user/code/home-stuff/.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/pip/_internal/resolution/resolvelib/factory.py", line 294, in iter_index_candidate_infos
    result = self._finder.find_best_candidate(
  File "/home/user/code/home-stuff/.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/pip/_internal/index/package_finder.py", line 868, in find_best_candidate
    candidates = self.find_all_candidates(project_name)
  File "/home/user/code/home-stuff/.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/pip/_internal/index/package_finder.py", line 809, in find_all_candidates
    page_candidates = list(page_candidates_it)
  File "/home/user/code/home-stuff/.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/pip/_internal/index/sources.py", line 134, in page_candidates
    yield from self._candidates_from_page(self._link)
  File "/home/user/code/home-stuff/.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/pip/_internal/index/package_finder.py", line 769, in process_project_url
    html_page = self._link_collector.fetch_page(project_url)
  File "/home/user/code/home-stuff/.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/pip/_internal/index/collector.py", line 604, in fetch_page
    return _get_html_page(location, session=self.session)
  File "/home/user/code/home-stuff/.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/pip/_internal/index/collector.py", line 509, in _get_html_page
    resp = _get_html_response(url, session=session)
  File "/home/user/code/home-stuff/.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/pip/_internal/index/collector.py", line 125, in _get_html_response
    resp = session.get(
  File "/home/user/code/home-stuff/.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/pip/_vendor/requests/sessions.py", line 542, in get
    return self.request('GET', url, **kwargs)
  File "/home/user/code/home-stuff/.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/pip/_internal/network/session.py", line 454, in request
    return super().request(method, url, *args, **kwargs)
  File "/home/user/code/home-stuff/.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/pip/_vendor/requests/sessions.py", line 529, in request
    resp = self.send(prep, **send_kwargs)
  File "/home/user/code/home-stuff/.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/pip/_vendor/requests/sessions.py", line 645, in send
    r = adapter.send(request, **kwargs)
  File "/home/user/code/home-stuff/.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/pip/_vendor/cachecontrol/adapter.py", line 57, in send
    resp = super(CacheControlAdapter, self).send(request, **kw)
  File "/home/user/code/home-stuff/.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/pip/_vendor/requests/adapters.py", line 413, in send
    conn = self.get_connection(request.url, proxies)
  File "/home/user/code/home-stuff/.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/pip/_vendor/requests/adapters.py", line 316, in get_connection
    conn = self.poolmanager.connection_from_url(url)
  File "/home/user/code/home-stuff/.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/poolmanager.py", line 299, in connection_from_url
    u.host_ip, port=u.port, scheme=u.scheme, pool_kwargs=pool_kwargs
AttributeError: 'Url' object has no attribute 'host_ip'

解决方案 #

方案1：重新安装pip到虚拟环境 #

激活虚拟环境后，运行官方脚本覆盖损坏的pip：

curl https://bootstrap.pypa.io/get-pip.py | python3

方案2：重建虚拟环境 #

如果重新安装pip无效，直接重建环境：

# 退出虚拟环境
deactivate
# 删除旧环境
rm -rf /home/user/code/home-stuff/.venv
# 重新创建并激活
python3 -m venv /home/user/code/home-stuff/.venv
source /home/user/code/home-stuff/.venv/bin/activate

之后重新安装项目依赖即可。

方案3：修复urllib3版本冲突 #

由于apt upgrade可能导致系统urllib3版本与pip内置版本冲突，可指定兼容版本：

# 激活虚拟环境后执行
pip uninstall -y urllib3
pip install urllib3==1.26.15

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Dmitriy