M1 Mac导入Python库seaborn时dlopen导入错误解决求助

我在M1 Mac环境中尝试导入seaborn包时出现错误，该包已安装：最初用conda install seaborn安装失败，之后换了其他方法安装。环境中其他包均可正常使用，求解决办法。

错误日志 #

File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
  File "/Users/name/folder/folder/folder/seaborn-0.11.2/seaborn/__init__.py", line 2, in <module>
    from .rcmod import *  # noqa: F401,F403
  File "/Users/name/folder/folder/folder/seaborn-0.11.2/seaborn/rcmod.py", line 7, in <module>
    from . import palettes
  File "/Users/name/folder/folder/folder/seaborn-0.11.2/seaborn/palettes.py", line 9, in <module>
    from .utils import desaturate, get_color_cycle
  File "/Users/name/folder/folder/folder/labs/seaborn-0.11.2/seaborn/utils.py", line 10, in <module>
    from scipy import stats
  File "/opt/homebrew/Caskroom/miniforge/base/envs/TU_working_with_data/lib/python3.9/site-packages/scipy/stats/__init__.py", line 453, in <module>
    from ._stats_py import *
  File "/opt/homebrew/Caskroom/miniforge/base/envs/TU_working_with_data/lib/python3.9/site-packages/scipy/stats/_stats_py.py", line 38, in <module>
    from scipy.spatial.distance import cdist
  File "/opt/homebrew/Caskroom/miniforge/base/envs/TU_working_with_data/lib/python3.9/site-packages/scipy/spatial/__init__.py", line 104, in <module>
    from ._qhull import *
ImportError: dlopen(/opt/homebrew/Caskroom/miniforge/base/envs/TU_working_with_data/lib/python3.9/site-packages/scipy/spatial/_qhull.cpython-39-darwin.so, 0x0002): Library not loaded: '@rpath/liblapack.3.dylib'
  Referenced from: '/opt/homebrew/Caskroom/miniforge/base/envs/TU_working_with_data/lib/python3.9/site-packages/scipy/spatial/_qhull.cpython-39-darwin.so'
  Reason: tried: '/opt/homebrew/Caskroom/miniforge/base/envs/TU_working_with_data/lib/python3.9/site-packages/scipy/spatial/../../../../liblapack.3.dylib' (no such file), '/opt/homebrew/Caskroom/miniforge/base/envs/TU_working_with_data/lib/python3.9/site-packages/scipy/spatial/../../../../liblapack.3.dylib' (no such file), '/opt/homebrew/Caskroom/miniforge/base/envs/TU_working_with_data/bin/../lib/liblapack.3.dylib' (no such file), '/opt/homebrew/Caskroom/miniforge/base/envs/TU_working_with_data/bin/../lib/liblapack.3.dylib' (no such file), '/usr/local/lib/liblapack.3.dylib' (no such file), '/usr/lib/liblapack.3.dylib' (no such file)

更新信息 #

执行conda list -n TU_working_with_data (seaborn|scipy)命令，输出如下：

# packages in environment at /opt/homebrew/Caskroom/miniforge/base/envs/TU_working_with_data:
#
# Name                    Version                   Build  Channel
scipy                     1.8.1            py39h14896cb_2    conda-forge
seaborn                   0.11.2                   pypi_0    pypi 

解决方案 #

1. 修复缺失的LAPACK依赖 #

错误根源是scipy依赖的liblapack.3.dylib库找不到，M1 Mac的conda环境常出现这类问题。执行以下命令安装包含LAPACK的OpenBLAS：

conda activate TU_working_with_data
conda install -c conda-forge openblas

2. 重新安装适配M1的scipy #

若上面的方法无效，直接卸载并重新安装适配arm64架构的scipy：

conda activate TU_working_with_data
conda uninstall scipy -y
conda install -c conda-forge scipy

3. 统一包管理方式 #

当前seaborn来自pypi，scipy来自conda，混合包管理易引发冲突。建议将seaborn也换成conda安装：

conda activate TU_working_with_data
pip uninstall seaborn -y
conda install -c conda-forge seaborn

4. 检查环境架构 #

确保conda环境适配M1的arm64架构，执行：

conda activate TU_working_with_data
python -c "import platform; print(platform.machine())"

若输出不是arm64，说明环境是x86_64兼容模式，需重新创建适配M1的环境：

conda create -n new_TU_env python=3.9 -c conda-forge
conda activate new_TU_env
conda install seaborn scipy -c conda-forge

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Sean