x86_64平台下使用QEMU构建ARM64 Docker容器遇问题求助

Linux xxx 3.10.0-1160.66.1.el7.x86_64 #1 xxx x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux

Docker version 20.10.17

Client:
 Context:    default
 Debug Mode: false
 Plugins:
  app: Docker App (Docker Inc., v0.9.1-beta3)
  buildx: Docker Buildx (Docker Inc., v0.8.2-docker)
  scan: Docker Scan (Docker Inc., v0.17.0)

Server:
 Server Version: 20.10.17
 Kernel Version: 3.10.0-1160.66.1.el7.x86_64
 Operating System: CentOS Linux 7 (Core)
 OSType: linux
 Architecture: x86_64

我需要在x86_64架构主机上，通过QEMU构建并运行arm64架构的Docker容器，按QEMU官方指引操作后出现执行格式错误。

• 直接运行arm64容器失败：

  $ uname -m
  x86_64
  
  $ docker run --rm -t arm64v8/ubuntu uname -m
  WARNING: The requested image's platform (linux/arm64/v8) does not match the detected host platform (linux/amd64) and no specific platform was requested
  exec /usr/bin/uname: exec format error
  

• 尝试docker build指定平台失败：

  $ docker build --platform linux/arm64/v8 .
  unable to prepare context: unable to evaluate symlinks in Dockerfile path: lstat /work/home/chenning/Dockerfile: no such file or directory
  

• 尝试docker buildx构建多平台镜像失败：

  $ docker buildx build --push --platform linux/amd64,linux/arm64 -t <tag> .
  -bash: tag: No such file or directory
  

• 运行multiarch/qemu-user-static初始化命令报错：

  $ docker run --rm --privileged multiarch/qemu-user-static --reset -p yes
  sh: write error: Invalid argument
  Setting /usr/bin/qemu-alpha-static as binfmt interpreter for alpha
  Setting /usr/bin/qemu-arm-static as binfmt interpreter for arm
  sh: write error: Invalid argument
  Setting /usr/bin/qemu-armeb-static as binfmt interpreter for armeb
  sh: write error: Invalid argument
  Setting /usr/bin/qemu-sparc-static as binfmt interpreter for sparc
  sh: write error: Invalid argument
  ...
  

• 执行register命令成功，但存在后续问题：
  运行docker run --rm --privileged multiarch/qemu-user-static:register后，/proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc目录下已生成qemu-aarch64等QEMU解释器条目，其信息如下：

  enabled
  interpreter /usr/bin/qemu-aarch64-static
  flags:
  offset 0
  magic 7f454c460201010000000000000000000200b700
  mask ffffffffffffff00fffffffffffffffffeffffff
  

  但当前遇到两个问题：
  1. 找不到/usr/bin/qemu-aarch64-static解释器文件
  2. 没有权限修改该条目的flags参数

恳请提供解决方案，解决在x86_64主机上运行arm64 Docker容器的问题，以及当前找不到QEMU解释器、无法修改flags的问题。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者kinder chen