Micronaut构建Native Image成功但启动报错：缺失Undertow构造方法

使用GraalVM 22.2.0 CE、Java 17、Maven 3.8.6构建Micronaut项目Native Image，执行命令mvn package -Dpackaging=native-image成功生成镜像文件，但启动时执行./target/native-image-file报错，无法实例化io.undertow.Undertow Bean，根源错误为：

java.lang.NoSuchMethodError: io.undertow.util.FastConcurrentDirectDeque.<init>()

项目仅使用Undertow服务器，Maven依赖配置如下：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <groupId>com.example</groupId>
    <artifactId>micronaut-demo</artifactId>
    <version>0.1</version>
    <packaging>${packaging}</packaging>

    <parent>
        <groupId>io.micronaut</groupId>
        <artifactId>micronaut-parent</artifactId>
        <version>3.6.3</version>
    </parent>

    <properties>
        <packaging>jar</packaging>
        <jdk.version>17</jdk.version>
        <release.version>17</release.version>
        <micronaut.version>3.6.3</micronaut.version>
        <micronaut.runtime>undertow</micronaut.runtime>
        <exec.mainClass>com.example.Application</exec.mainClass>
    </properties>

    <repositories>
        <repository>
            <id>central</id>
            <url>https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2</url>
        </repository>
    </repositories>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>io.micronaut</groupId>
            <artifactId>micronaut-inject</artifactId>
            <scope>compile</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>io.micronaut</groupId>
            <artifactId>micronaut-validation</artifactId>
            <scope>compile</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.junit.jupiter</groupId>
            <artifactId>junit-jupiter-api</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.junit.jupiter</groupId>
            <artifactId>junit-jupiter-engine</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>io.micronaut.test</groupId>
            <artifactId>micronaut-test-junit5</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>io.micronaut</groupId>
            <artifactId>micronaut-http-client</artifactId>
            <scope>compile</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>io.micronaut</groupId>
            <artifactId>micronaut-jackson-databind</artifactId>
            <scope>compile</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>io.micronaut.servlet</groupId>
            <artifactId>micronaut-http-server-undertow</artifactId>
            <scope>compile</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>jakarta.annotation</groupId>
            <artifactId>jakarta.annotation-api</artifactId>
            <scope>compile</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>ch.qos.logback</groupId>
            <artifactId>logback-classic</artifactId>
            <scope>runtime</scope>
        </dependency>

        <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.graalvm.truffle/truffle-api -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.graalvm.truffle</groupId>
            <artifactId>truffle-api</artifactId>
            <version>22.2.0</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>cn.hutool</groupId>
            <artifactId>hutool-all</artifactId>
            <version>5.8.6</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>io.micronaut.build</groupId>
                <artifactId>micronaut-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            </plugin>

            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
                <configuration>
                    <!-- Uncomment to enable incremental compilation -->
                    <!-- <useIncrementalCompilation>false</useIncrementalCompilation> -->

                    <annotationProcessorPaths combine.children="append">
                        <path>
                            <groupId>io.micronaut</groupId>
                            <artifactId>micronaut-http-validation</artifactId>
                            <version>${micronaut.version}</version>
                        </path>
                    </annotationProcessorPaths>
                    <compilerArgs>
                        <arg>-Amicronaut.processing.group=com.example</arg>
                        <arg>-Amicronaut.processing.module=micronaut-demo</arg>
                    </compilerArgs>
                </configuration>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>

</project>

这个错误源于Undertow版本与GraalVM Native Image的兼容性问题，或是FastConcurrentDirectDeque的无参构造函数未被Native Image正确识别并包含。可通过以下方式解决：

• 显式指定兼容的Undertow版本：在POM的<properties>中添加与Micronaut 3.6.3适配的Undertow版本，比如2.2.20.Final，确保版本兼容性：

  <properties>
      <!-- 保留原有属性 -->
      <undertow.version>2.2.20.Final</undertow.version>
  </properties>
  

• 添加Native Image反射配置：创建src/main/resources/META-INF/native-image/io.undertow/undertow/reflection-config.json文件，显式声明FastConcurrentDirectDeque的构造函数，让Native Image编译时包含该类：

  [
    {
      "name": "io.undertow.util.FastConcurrentDirectDeque",
      "allDeclaredConstructors": true
    }
  ]
  

• 移除不必要的依赖：如果项目未使用Truffle相关功能，可移除truffle-api依赖，避免潜在的版本冲突干扰Native Image构建。

• 升级Micronaut版本：考虑将Micronaut升级至3.9.x及以上版本，新版本通常修复了更多Native Image与Undertow的兼容性问题，且默认使用更适配的Undertow版本。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者rainbowecho