将Selenium Python脚本打包为.exe时出现__future__模块缺失错误

我将一个本身运行正常的Selenium Python脚本打包为.exe文件，运行生成的.exe时出现如下错误：

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "main.py", line 4, in <module>
  File "C:\Users\Ahmad\output\main\selenium\webdriver\__init__.py", line 18, in <module>
    from .firefox.webdriver import WebDriver as Firefox  # noqa
  File "C:\Users\Ahmad\output\main\selenium\webdriver\firefox\webdriver.py", line 26, in <module>
    from selenium.webdriver.remote.webdriver import WebDriver as RemoteWebDriver
  File "C:\Users\Ahmad\output\main\selenium\webdriver\remote\webdriver.py", line 46, in <module>
    from selenium.webdriver.support.relative_locator import RelativeBy
  File "C:\Users\Ahmad\output\main\selenium\webdriver\support\relative_locator.py", line 22, in <module>
    from selenium.webdriver.remote.webelement import WebElement
  File "C:\Users\Ahmad\output\main\selenium\webdriver\remote\webelement.py", line 17, in <module>
    from __future__ import annotations
ModuleNotFoundError: No module named '__future__'

相关脚本代码：

from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait
from selenium.common.exceptions import NoSuchElementException

driver = webdriver.Chrome(service=Service(ChromeDriverManager().install()))
wait = WebDriverWait(driver, 5)
driver.get("https://www.google.com/maps")

解决方法 #

• 检查Python版本与打包工具兼容性：__future__是Python内置模块，报错大概率是PyInstaller版本过低或打包用的Python版本和脚本运行版本不一致。先升级PyInstaller：pip install --upgrade pyinstaller，确保打包环境和脚本运行环境的Python版本一致。
• 添加__future__到隐藏导入：打包时手动指定隐藏导入该内置模块，命令为：pyinstaller --hidden-import=__future__ main.py
• 排除未使用的驱动模块：脚本仅使用Chrome驱动，打包时可排除Firefox等无关模块减少依赖问题，命令：pyinstaller --hidden-import=__future__ --exclude-module=selenium.webdriver.firefox main.py
• 补全脚本缺失导入：原脚本未导入Service和ChromeDriverManager，先补全代码再打包，避免依赖解析错误：

  from selenium import webdriver
  from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
  from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait
  from selenium.common.exceptions import NoSuchElementException
  from selenium.webdriver.chrome.service import Service
  from webdriver_manager.chrome import ChromeDriverManager
  
  driver = webdriver.Chrome(service=Service(ChromeDriverManager().install()))
  wait = WebDriverWait(driver, 5)
  driver.get("https://www.google.com/maps")
  

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Muhammad Ahmad