Django(DRF)集成WebSocket聊天时wss连接失败，求解决方法

}

WebSocket路由配置：
```python
websocket_urlpatterns = [
    re_path(r'ws/chat/(?P<room_name>\w+)/$', consumers.ChatConsumer.as_asgi()),
]

Consumer代码：

class ChatConsumer(WebsocketConsumer):
    def connect(self):
        self.room_name = self.scope['url_route']['kwargs']['room_name']
        self.room_group_name = 'chat_%s' % self.room_name

        # Join room group
        async_to_sync(self.channel_layer.group_add)(
            self.room_group_name,
            self.channel_name
        )

        self.accept()

    def disconnect(self, close_code):
        # Leave room group
        async_to_sync(self.channel_layer.group_discard)(
            self.room_group_name,
            self.channel_name
        )

    # Receive message from WebSocket
    def receive(self, text_data):
        text_data_json = json.loads(text_data)
        message = text_data_json['message']

        # Send message to room group
        async_to_sync(self.channel_layer.group_send)(
            self.room_group_name,
            {
                'type': 'chat_message',
                'message': message
            }
        )

    # Receive message from room group
    def chat_message(self, event):
        message = event['message']

        # Send message to WebSocket
        self.send(text_data=json.dumps({
            'message': message
        }))

发送请求 wss://localhost:6060/ws/chat/r1 时，出现“Could not connect to wss”错误，服务器端Nginx日志显示：

nginx_1      | 172.18.0.1 - - [28/Sep/2022:19:55:22 +0000] "\x16\x03\x01\x02\x00\x01\x00\x01\xFC\x03\x03<\xA1\xCE\xACW\x06T\x84\x1F\xE3\x13\xD8F\x00\x03\x11\xC3><4k~_\x14\x83j=\xD1}u^R '\xCE\xF3\xB2\x142\x84+J~\xEC\xDAG?c\xD0)q\xBDZ\xD9\x95_\x1C\xED\x83L,\x1C" 400 157 "-" "-" "-"

1. 补充Nginx的WebSocket代理配置 #

当前Nginx仅处理HTTP请求，缺少WebSocket协议升级支持，需添加专门的location块处理WebSocket路径：

upstream app {
    server django:8800;
}

server {
    listen 80;
    # 若使用WSS（加密WebSocket），需配置HTTPS
    # listen 443 ssl;
    # ssl_certificate /path/to/your/cert.pem;
    # ssl_certificate_key /path/to/your/key.pem;
    
    server_name 127.0.0.1;
    client_max_body_size 100M;

    location / {
        proxy_pass http://django:8800;
        proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
        proxy_set_header Host $host;
        proxy_redirect off;
        proxy_read_timeout 300s;
        proxy_connect_timeout 75s;
    }

    # WebSocket专用代理配置
    location /ws/ {
        proxy_pass http://django:8800;
        # 启用HTTP/1.1以支持WebSocket升级
        proxy_http_version 1.1;
        proxy_set_header Upgrade $http_upgrade;
        proxy_set_header Connection "upgrade";
        # 延长超时时间，防止连接被过早断开
        proxy_read_timeout 86400;
        proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
        proxy_set_header Host $host;
    }
    ...
}

2. 匹配协议与端口 #

• 你用wss://localhost:6060请求，但当前Nginx监听80端口（HTTP），若要使用WSS，需确保Nginx配置了443端口的SSL证书，且请求端口对应。
• 测试阶段可改用ws://localhost:80/ws/chat/r1（非加密WebSocket）验证连接是否正常，再配置HTTPS。

3. 修正Consumer方法拼写错误 #

disconnect方法中误用了group_discard，Channels正确的方法名是group_remove：

def disconnect(self, close_code):
    # Leave room group
    async_to_sync(self.channel_layer.group_remove)(
        self.room_group_name,
        self.channel_name
    )

4. 验证Channels核心配置 #

确保项目settings.py中Channels配置正确：

INSTALLED_APPS = [
    # ... 其他已安装应用
    'channels',
]

# 指定ASGI应用入口
ASGI_APPLICATION = '你的项目名称.asgi.application'

# 配置Redis通道层
CHANNEL_LAYERS = {
    'default': {
        'BACKEND': 'channels_redis.core.RedisChannelLayer',
        'CONFIG': {
            "hosts": [('redis', 6379)],  # 根据你的Redis服务地址调整
        },
    },
}

5. 检查ASGI路由配置 #

确认asgi.py正确路由WebSocket请求：

import os
from django.core.asgi import get_asgi_application
from channels.routing import ProtocolTypeRouter, URLRouter
from channels.auth import AuthMiddlewareStack
# 导入你的WebSocket路由模块
import chat.routing

os.environ.setdefault('DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE', '你的项目名称.settings')

application = ProtocolTypeRouter({
    "http": get_asgi_application(),
    "websocket": AuthMiddlewareStack(
        URLRouter(
            chat.routing.websocket_urlpatterns
        )
    ),
})

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者mascai