使用Boto3调用CreateSnapshots时ExcludeDataVolumeIds参数验证错误

问题场景 #

尝试用Boto3创建实例快照，代码如下：

snapshot_response = client.create_snapshots(
    Description='super important backup',
    InstanceSpecification={
        'InstanceId': 'i-something',
        'ExcludeBootVolume': True,
        'ExcludeDataVolumeIds': ['vol-something1','vol-something2'],
    },
    CopyTagsFromSource='volume'
)

运行后触发参数验证错误：

[ERROR] ParamValidationError: Parameter validation failed:
Unknown parameter in InstanceSpecification: "ExcludeDataVolumeIds", must be one of: InstanceId, ExcludeBootVolume
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/something/some_dir/some_script.py", line 50, in some_function
    snapshot_response = client.create_snapshots(
  File "/var/runtime/botocore/client.py", line 391, in _api_call
    return self._make_api_call(operation_name, kwargs)
  File "/var/runtime/botocore/client.py", line 691, in _make_api_call
    request_dict = self._convert_to_request_dict(
  File "/var/runtime/botocore/client.py", line 739, in _convert_to_request_dict
    request_dict = self._serializer.serialize_to_request(
  File "/var/runtime/botocore/validate.py", line 360, in serialize_to_request
    raise ParamValidationError(report=report.generate_report())

原因分析 #

ExcludeDataVolumeIds是AWS EC2 API后续新增的参数，当前使用的Boto3/botocore版本过低，不支持该参数，因此触发参数校验失败。

解决办法 #

1. 升级依赖版本
   直接升级Boto3和botocore到最新稳定版，即可支持该参数：

   pip install --upgrade boto3 botocore
   

2. 兼容旧版本的替代方案
   如果无法升级依赖，可以手动筛选需要备份的卷，逐个创建快照：

   # 获取实例关联的所有卷
   volumes = client.describe_volumes(
       Filters=[{'Name': 'attachment.instance-id', 'Values': ['i-something']}]
   )['Volumes']
   
   # 排除不需要备份的卷（指定的卷+启动盘）
   excluded_volume_ids = {'vol-something1', 'vol-something2'}
   target_volumes = [
       vol for vol in volumes
       if vol['VolumeId'] not in excluded_volume_ids
       and not vol['Attachments'][0]['BootVolume']
   ]
   
   # 批量创建快照
   snapshots = []
   for vol in target_volumes:
       snap = client.create_snapshot(
           VolumeId=vol['VolumeId'],
           Description='super important backup',
           CopyTagsFromSource='volume'
       )
       snapshots.append(snap)
   

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者dedunu