在ASP.NET 6 Core Web API中添加Razor Page后出现404错误求助

我在已有Web API的ASP.NET 6 Core项目中尝试添加Razor Pages，在Views文件夹下创建了Receiving文件夹，并在其中添加了Index.cshtml，但编译项目后访问该页面时返回404错误，不清楚原因。

相关代码 #

Program.cs

var builder = WebApplication.CreateBuilder(args);

// Learn more about configuring Swagger/OpenAPI at https://aka.ms/aspnetcore/swashbuckle
builder.Services.AddControllers(options => options.SuppressImplicitRequiredAttributeForNonNullableReferenceTypes = true);
builder.Services.AddControllersWithViews();

builder.Services.AddEndpointsApiExplorer();
builder.Services.AddSwaggerGen();

builder.Services.AddHttpContextAccessor();

var connectionString = builder.Configuration.GetConnectionString("DefaultConnection");
builder.Services.AddDbContext<OperationsContext>(x => x.UseSqlServer(connectionString));

builder.Services.AddScoped<IContentRepository, ContentRepository>();
builder.Services.AddScoped<IPackageRepository, PackageRepository>();
builder.Services.AddScoped<IShipmentRepository, ShipmentRepository>();
builder.Services.AddScoped<IVendorRepository, VendorRepository>();
builder.Services.AddRazorPages(c => c.RootDirectory = "/Views"); //adds services for Razor Pages to the app.
var app = builder.Build();


if (app.Environment.IsDevelopment())
{
    app.UseDeveloperExceptionPage();

    // Enable middleware to serve generated Swagger as a JSON endpoint.
    app.UseSwagger();
    app.UseSwaggerUI(c =>
    {
        c.SwaggerEndpoint("v1/swagger.json", "MyAPI V1");
    });
}
if (!app.Environment.IsDevelopment())
{
    app.UseExceptionHandler("/error");
}
app.UseHttpsRedirection();
app.UseStaticFiles();

app.UseRouting();
app.UseAuthorization();

app.MapControllerRoute(
    name: "default",
    pattern: "{controller=Shipment}/{action=Index}/{id?}");

app.UseEndpoints(endpoints =>
{
    endpoints.MapControllers();
    endpoints.MapRazorPages();
});

app.Run();

Index.cshtml

@{
    ViewData["Title"] = "Receiving";
}

<h2>Shipping System</h2>
<p>Hello world</p>

ShipmentController.cs 已添加代码

public IActionResult Index()
{
    return View();
}

原因分析 #

1. 概念混淆：你创建的Index.cshtml是MVC视图，但缺少对应的ReceivingController来处理请求；而Razor Pages需要特定的文件结构（通常带.cshtml.cs代码后置文件），路由基于文件路径，和MVC的控制器-动作模式完全不同。
2. 路由不匹配：当访问/Receiving/Index时，MVC会寻找ReceivingController的Index动作，但你只在ShipmentController中添加了Index方法，导致找不到对应路由；而你配置的Razor Pages因为缺少代码后置文件，也无法被框架正确识别为Razor页面。

解决方案 #

方案1：使用MVC视图（无需Razor Pages）

创建ReceivingController.cs，添加对应动作方法：

public class ReceivingController : Controller
{
    public IActionResult Index()
    {
        return View();
    }
}

此时访问路径 /Receiving/Index 即可正常显示Views/Receiving/Index.cshtml。

方案2：使用Razor Pages

1. 给Index.cshtml添加代码后置文件Views/Receiving/Index.cshtml.cs：

using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc.RazorPages;

namespace YourProjectNamespace.Views.Receiving;

public class IndexModel : PageModel
{
    public void OnGet()
    {
        // 页面初始化逻辑（可选）
    }
}

2. 简化Program.cs中的路由配置（ASP.NET 6推荐极简写法）：

// 替换原来的MapControllerRoute和UseEndpoints代码
app.MapControllers();
app.MapRazorPages();

3. 访问路径 /Receiving 即可打开该Razor页面（Razor Pages默认识别Index为页面首页，可省略文件名）。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者smbbb