通过systemd启动Wiki.js服务失败问题求助

现象概述 #

• 在Putty中直接执行node server，服务器可正常启动
• 通过systemd启动时服务报错，状态信息如下：

* wiki.service - Wiki.js

   Loaded: loaded (/etc/systemd/system/wiki.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)
   Active: inactive (dead) since Mon 2022-10-03 13:35:00 MSK; 5s ago
  Process: 6447 ExecStart=/usr/bin/node server (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
 Main PID: 6447 (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)

Oct 03 13:35:00  node[6447]:     at require (internal/module.js:11:18)
Oct 03 13:35:00  node[6447]:     at Object.<anonymous> (/var/www/wiki/node_modules/fs-extra/lib/mkdirs/index.js:3:44)
Oct 03 13:35:00  node[6447]:     at Module._compile (module.js:653:30)
Oct 03 13:35:00  node[6447]:     at Object.Module._extensions..js (module.js:664:10)
Oct 03 13:35:00  node[6447]:     at Module.load (module.js:566:32)
Oct 03 13:35:00  node[6447]:     at tryModuleLoad (module.js:506:12)
Oct 03 13:35:00  node[6447]:     at Function.Module._load (module.js:498:3)
Oct 03 13:35:00  node[6447]:     at Module.require (module.js:597:17)
Oct 03 13:35:00  node[6447]: (node:6447) UnhandledPromiseRejectionWarning: Unhandled promise rejection. This error originated either by throwing inside of an async function without a catch block, or by rejecting a promise whic
Oct 03 13:35:00  node[6447]: (node:6447) [DEP0018] DeprecationWarning: Unhandled promise rejections are deprecated. In the future, promise rejections that are not handled will terminate the Node.js process with a non-zero exit

• 切换到wiki用户终端执行node server，出现语法错误：

Loading configuration from /var/www/wiki/config.yml... OK
2022-10-03T10:19:40.835Z [MASTER] info: =======================================
2022-10-03T10:19:40.837Z [MASTER] info: = Wiki.js 2.5.289 =====================
2022-10-03T10:19:40.837Z [MASTER] info: =======================================
2022-10-03T10:19:40.837Z [MASTER] info: Initializing...
(node:6326) UnhandledPromiseRejectionWarning: /var/www/wiki/node_modules/fs-extra/lib/mkdirs/make-dir.js:85
      } catch {
              ^

SyntaxError: Unexpected token {
    at createScript (vm.js:80:10)
    at Object.runInThisContext (vm.js:139:10)
    at Module._compile (module.js:617:28)
    at Object.Module._extensions..js (module.js:664:10)
    at Module.load (module.js:566:32)
    at tryModuleLoad (module.js:506:12)
    at Function.Module._load (module.js:498:3)
    at Module.require (module.js:597:17)
    at require (internal/module.js:11:18)
    at Object.<anonymous> (/var/www/wiki/node_modules/fs-extra/lib/mkdirs/index.js:3:44)
    at Module._compile (module.js:653:30)
    at Object.Module._extensions..js (module.js:664:10)
    at Module.load (module.js:566:32)
    at tryModuleLoad (module.js:506:12)
    at Function.Module._load (module.js:498:3)
    at Module.require (module.js:597:17)
(node:6326) UnhandledPromiseRejectionWarning: Unhandled promise rejection. This error originated either by throwing inside of an async function without a catch block, or by rejecting a promise which was not handled with .catch(). (rejection id: 1)
(node:6326) [DEP0018] DeprecationWarning: Unhandled promise rejections are deprecated. In the future, promise rejections that are not handled will terminate the Node.js process with a non-zero exit code.

运行环境 #

• Ubuntu 18.04
• Node.js v16.17.1

排查与解决步骤 #

1. 核心问题定位 #

错误中的SyntaxError: Unexpected token {指向无参数catch语法——该语法从Node.js v10.13.0才开始支持。你全局Node.js是v16.17.1，但wiki用户或systemd服务实际调用的Node.js版本过低，才会触发这个语法错误。

2. 验证Node.js版本一致性 #

• 执行which node查看当前终端的Node.js路径
• 切换到wiki用户，执行su - wiki -c "which node"和su - wiki -c "node -v"，确认版本是否为v16.17.1
• 检查systemd服务文件/etc/systemd/system/wiki.service里的ExecStart路径，是否使用了正确的Node.js路径（比如/usr/local/bin/node而非/usr/bin/node）

3. 修复版本不一致问题 #

如果wiki用户或systemd使用的Node.js版本不对：

• 编辑wiki.service文件：

  nano /etc/systemd/system/wiki.service
  

  修改ExecStart为正确的Node.js路径，并添加项目工作目录配置：

  ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/node /var/www/wiki/server
  WorkingDirectory=/var/www/wiki
  

  保存后重新加载systemd并重启服务：

  systemctl daemon-reload
  systemctl restart wiki.service
  

4. 权限检查 #

• 确保wiki用户对项目目录有读写权限：

  chown -R wiki:wiki /var/www/wiki
  

• 确认systemd服务文件已配置正确运行用户：
  在wiki.service中添加或验证：

  User=wiki
  Group=wiki
  

5. 重新安装依赖（可选） #

若上述步骤无效，删除现有依赖并重新安装：

cd /var/www/wiki
rm -rf node_modules package-lock.json
su - wiki -c "npm install"

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Stanislav Eremeev