如何提取Python嵌套字典中的键、一级及二级嵌套值

给定如下Python嵌套字典，需要打印（或赋值给变量）外层键、一级嵌套的name值、二级嵌套中status下的description值：

people = {
        "123": {
            "name": "Danny",
            "age": 100,
            "animal": "cat",
            "last_action": {
                "status": "Offline",
                "timestamp": 1664651202,
                "relative": "50 minutes ago"
            },
            "status": {
                "description": "Okay",
                "details": "",
                "state": "Okay",
                "color": "green",
                "until": 0
            },
            "number": "Six"
        },
        "456": {
            "name": "Suzy",
            "age": 42,
            "animal": "dog",  # 原代码此处漏加引号，已修正为字符串格式
            "last_action": {
                "status": "Offline",
                "timestamp": 1664636683,
                "relative": "4 hours ago"
            },
            "status": {
                "description": "Not Okay",
                "details": "",
                "state": "Okay",
                "color": "green",
                "until": 0
            },
            "number": "Twelve"
        },
        "789": {
            "name": "Chris",
            "age": 23,
            "animal": "horse",
            "last_action": {
                "status": "Offline",
                "timestamp": 1664636683,
                "relative": "4 hours ago"
            },
            "status": {
                "description": "Okay",
                "details": "",
                "state": "Okay",
                "color": "green",
                "until": 0
            },
            "number": "Two"
        }  
}

期望输出格式：

123 Danny Okay
456 Suzy Not Okay
789 Chris Okay

同时需要将这三个元素分别存为变量，而非仅输出整行内容。

实现方法 #

1. 遍历字典提取字段并打印 #

使用for循环遍历people.items()，它会返回每一组外层键(key)和对应的内层字典(value)，然后从内层字典中提取所需字段：

for person_id, details in people.items():
    name = details["name"]
    status_desc = details["status"]["description"]
    # 打印结果
    print(f"{person_id} {name} {status_desc}")

运行这段代码后，就能得到你需要的输出格式。

2. 将字段存储为变量（或结构化数据） #

如果需要把这些字段长期存储或后续复用，可以选择以下两种方式：

方式一：存储为列表元组

把每组字段打包成元组存入列表，方便统一管理和遍历：

person_info_list = []
for person_id, details in people.items():
    name = details["name"]
    status_desc = details["status"]["description"]
    person_info_list.append( (person_id, name, status_desc) )

# 后续使用示例
for info in person_info_list:
    pid, name, status = info
    print(f"ID: {pid}, 姓名: {name}, 状态: {status}")

方式二：循环内直接使用单个变量

如果仅需在循环过程中处理字段，可直接在循环内定义独立变量：

for person_id, details in people.items():
    current_id = person_id
    current_name = details["name"]
    current_status = details["status"]["description"]
    # 此处可添加针对这三个变量的业务逻辑
    print(f"正在处理用户：{current_name}（ID:{current_id}），状态：{current_status}")

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Bruce Taylor