Scrabble游戏Python脚本调用报错：score_word未定义（Jupyter可运行）

问题背景 #

开发的Scrabble变体游戏在Jupyter Notebook中可正常运行，但从.py文件调用run_scrabble("BH*")时无法通过自动化测试，触发NameError提示score_word未定义。代码分为scrabble.py和wordscore.py两个文件。

报错信息 #

Test Failed: NameError("name 'score_word' is not defined",) is not false : Your program produced an exception: name 'score_word' is not defined

相关代码 #

scrabble.py #

import wordscore
import sys

def run_scrabble(argv):
    """
    This is a modified version of the traditional scrabble game. The user plays the game
    from the command promt by running run_scrabble and provides the 'rack' as the input.
    The rack is the selection of between 2-7 words and special characters (* or ? only)
    
    The highlights of the game are
    
    1. Allow anywhere from 2-7 character tiles (letters A-Z, upper or lower case)
    2. Do not restrict the number of same tiles (e.g., a user is allowed to input ZZZZZQQ).
    3. There can be a total of only two wild cards in any user input 
       that is, one of each character: one `*` and one `?`). 
       Only use the `*` and `?` as wildcard characters. 
    4. A wildcard character can take any value A-Z. 
    5. Wildcard characters are scored as 0 points, just like in the real Scrabble game. 
       A word that just consists of two wildcards can be made, should be outputted and 
       scored as 0 points.  
    """
    
    ################ COMMAND LINE ARGS ###################################    
    
    rack = argv
    #renamed argv to 'rack' just to make it easier for me to read
    
    ############### INITIALIZATION ################################
    
    # converts the input rack to lower case
    rack_low = rack.lower() 
    
    
    rack_letters = list(rack_low) 
    # converts the rack to a list of letters
    
    valid_words = [] 
    # An empty list that will eventually hold all valid words from the scrabble dictionary sowpods.txt
    
    valid_rack = True
    # A boolean condition the evaluates the contents of the rack as valid or not
    
    clean_rack = []
    # this removes the special characters from the rack

   
    ################ VALIDATIONS ###################################
    if (rack_low.count('?') > 1 or  rack_low.count('*')) > 1:
        return ("You have entered more than 2 special characters")
        valid_rack = False
        
        # checks the condition for only 1 of the special characters is allowed
        # ie the user cannot enter two * or two ?
        # the user can enter one * and one ?
    
    
    elif len(rack_low) > 7 or len(rack_low) < 2:
        return ("You have entered more than 7 characters or less than 2")
        valid_rack = False
        
        # checks the number of letters in the rack for a minimum of 2 and maximum of 7

    ######################################################################
    
    elif all(x.isalpha() or x in ('?', '*') for x in rack_low):
        valid_rack = True
        pass
    
         # checks if the contains only alphabets or special characters (* ?)
    
    else:
        return ('You have entered non-permitted characters. Please enter only alphabets and/or special characters * and ?')

        valid_rack = False
        
         # this condition needs rework
         # would 
    
    ######################################################################

    #    Deprecated code: Replaced with condition above (would like to make this work
    #    but condition is not tight enough

    #     elif all(x.isalpha() == False and x not in ('?', '*') for x in rack_low):
    #         valid_rack = False
    #         return ('You have entered non-permitted characters. Please enter only alphabets and/or special characters * and ?')


    #         # checks if the contains only alphabets or special characters (* ?)

    #     else:
    #         valid_rack = True

    #         # this condition needs rework
        
    ######################################################################    
        
    
    if valid_rack:

        # reads the scrabble reference dictionary and creates a data list
        # after stripping the line breaks
        
        with open("sowpods.txt","r") as infile:
            raw_input = infile.readlines()#[0:1000]
            data = [datum.strip('\n') for datum in raw_input]
        
        # this is the matching algorithm that iterates through each word in the
        # scrabble dictionary (data) and checks whether the letters exists in the 
        # user input (rack). This also accounts for the two special characters (*, ?)
        # and by a process of elimination is able to implicitly substitute them for 
        # other alphabets
        
        for word in data:
            word_low = word.lower()
            temp_rack_letters = rack_letters.copy() 
            for letter in word_low:
                if letter in temp_rack_letters :
                    temp_rack_letters .remove(letter)
                elif '*' in temp_rack_letters :
                    temp_rack_letters .remove('*') 
                elif '?' in temp_rack_letters :
                    temp_rack_letters .remove('?')
                else:
                    break 
            
            ####################### WILDCARD ZERO-ORIGINAL ###################
            
            # else:
            #     valid_words.append([score_word(word_low), word_low.upper()])
        
            ####################### WILDCARD ZERO-REWORK ########################
        
            else:
                clean_rack = ''.join([i for i in rack_low if i.isalpha()])
                # removes the special characters from the rack 
                
                valid_words.append([score_word(clean_rack), word_low.upper()])
                # returns the scores for the words in the clean_rack
        
            ######################################################################
        
        
        
        # Sort the valid words list in descending order of score 
        
        valid_words.sort(reverse = True)

        
        # this is the section where we print the score and word
        # note this is already in descending order in valid_words
        
        for entry in valid_words:
            score = entry[0]
            word_low = entry[1]
            print((score, word_low))

        # this is the final print of the count of all valid words
        print(len(valid_words))
    
    else:
        valid_rack = False 

wordscore.py #

def score_word(rack_low):
    
    # Deprecating the scores (from original dictionary)
    
    # scores = {"a": 1, "c": 3, "b": 3, "e": 1, "d": 2, "g": 2,
    #       "f": 4, "i": 1, "h": 4, "k": 5, "j": 8, "m": 3,
    #       "l": 1, "o": 1, "n": 1, "q": 10, "p": 3, "s": 1,
    #       "r": 1, "u": 1, "t": 1, "w": 4, "v": 4, "y": 4,
    #       "x": 8, "z": 10}
    
    # modifying scores to include the two special characters: ? and *
    
    scores = {"a": 1, "c": 3, "b": 3, "e": 1, "d": 2, "g": 2,
          "f": 4, "i": 1, "h": 4, "k": 5, "j": 8, "m": 3,
          "l": 1, "o": 1, "n": 1, "q": 10, "p": 3, "s": 1,
          "r": 1, "u": 1, "t": 1, "w": 4, "v": 4, "y": 4,
          "x": 8, "z": 10, "?": 0, "*": 0}    
    
    total = 0
    
    #    this is the original code (with word_low)
    #    for letter in word_low:
    
    # Run through all letters in the word and return the score (ie total)
    # trying to run program with letters from the rack
    
    for letter in rack_low:
        total = total + scores[letter]
    return total

问题原因与解决方法 #

核心原因 #

scrabble.py中仅通过import wordscore导入了模块，但调用score_word时未使用模块前缀（如wordscore.score_word()），导致Python无法识别该函数。Jupyter Notebook的环境特性（如自动模块加载、命名空间共享）掩盖了这个问题，但独立运行.py文件时严格遵循Python的模块导入规则，因此触发错误。

解决方法（二选一） #

1. 修改导入语句：直接导入score_word函数，这样可以直接调用：

   from wordscore import score_word
   

2. 添加模块前缀：在调用函数时加上模块名：

   valid_words.append([wordscore.score_word(clean_rack), word_low.upper()])
   

额外的代码修复建议 #

• 修正特殊字符校验逻辑：原代码中if (rack_low.count('?') > 1 or rack_low.count('*')) > 1:的括号位置错误，会导致逻辑判断异常，应改为：

  if rack_low.count('?') > 1 or rack_low.count('*') > 1:
  

• 调整return语句顺序：原代码中return语句后的valid_rack = False永远不会执行，应先修改变量再返回：

  valid_rack = False
  return ("You have entered more than 2 special characters")
  

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者gaurav8936