部署至AWS Elastic Beanstalk后邮件视图丢失问题求助

每次将最新代码推送到AWS Elastic Beanstalk生产服务器时，发送邮件都会出现「View [emails.user-verification] not found」错误，30分钟后错误自动消失，邮件可正常发送。

部署执行命令 #

sudo php artisan cache:clear
sudo php artisan config:cache
sudo php artisan view:cache
sudo php artisan optimize:clear
sudo php artisan route:cache
sudo php artisan migrate --force
sudo php artisan db:seed --force
sudo php artisan optimize:clear
sudo php artisan storage:link
sudo php artisan queue:restart

邮件验证类代码 #

<?php

namespace App\Mail;

use Illuminate\Bus\Queueable;
use Illuminate\Mail\Mailable;
use Illuminate\Queue\SerializesModels;

class NewUserVerification extends Mailable
{
    use Queueable, SerializesModels;

    public $theme = 'primary';

    public $newUser;

    /**
     * Create a new message instance.
     *
     * @return void
     */
    public function __construct($newUser)
    {
        $this->newUser= $newUser;
    }

    /**
     * Build the message.
     *
     * @return $this
     */
    public function build()
    {
        return $this->subject('Verify Email Address - '.$this->newUser->name)
                    ->markdown('emails.user-verification');
    }
}

邮件视图文件（路径：resources/views/emails/user-verification.blade.php） #

@component('mail::layout')

{{-- Header --}}
@slot('header')
@component('mail::header', ['url' => config('app.url')])
{{ config('app.name') }}
@endcomponent
@endslot

{{-- Body --}}
# Hi,

Please verify your email

@component('mail::button', ['url' => url('/s/verify/'.$newUser->email_verification_token), 'color' => 'primary'])
Verify Email Address
@endcomponent


{{-- Footer --}}
@slot('footer')
@component('mail::footer')
© {{ date('Y') }} {{ config('app.name') }}. @lang('All rights reserved.')
@endcomponent
@endslot
@endcomponent

失败任务错误栈 #

{
    "class": "InvalidArgumentException",
    "message": "View [emails.user-verification] not found.",
    "code": 0,
    "file": "/var/app/current/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/FileViewFinder.php:137",
    "trace": [
        "/var/app/current/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/FileViewFinder.php:79",
        "/var/app/current/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Factory.php:137",
        "/var/app/current/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Mail/Mailer.php:381",
        "/var/app/current/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Mail/Mailer.php:358",
        "/var/app/current/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Mail/Mailer.php:270",
        "/var/app/current/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Mail/Mailable.php:211",
        "/var/app/current/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Support/Traits/Localizable.php:19",
        "/var/app/current/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Mail/Mailable.php:212",
        "/var/app/current/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Mail/Mailer.php:307",
        "/var/app/current/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Mail/Mailer.php:253",
        "/var/app/current/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Mail/PendingMail.php:124",
        "/var/app/current/app/Jobs/WelcomeUser.php:37",
        "/var/app/current/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Container/BoundMethod.php:36",
        "/var/app/current/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Container/Util.php:41",
        "/var/app/current/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Container/BoundMethod.php:93",
        "/var/app/current/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Container/BoundMethod.php:37",
        "/var/app/current/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Container/Container.php:651",
        "/var/app/current/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Bus/Dispatcher.php:128",
        "/var/app/current/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:141"
    ]
}

解决方案 #

1. 调整缓存命令顺序 #

原部署命令中，view:cache执行后又多次调用optimize:clear，而optimize:clear会清除包括视图缓存在内的所有缓存，导致部署后视图缓存缺失。需要把view:cache放到最后一次optimize:clear之后，确保生成的视图缓存不会被清除：

sudo php artisan cache:clear
sudo php artisan config:cache
sudo php artisan route:cache
sudo php artisan migrate --force
sudo php artisan db:seed --force
sudo php artisan optimize:clear
sudo php artisan view:cache  # 移到optimize:clear之后
sudo php artisan storage:link
sudo php artisan queue:restart

2. 确保队列进程完全重启 #

邮件发送通过队列任务执行，即使执行了queue:restart，AWS Elastic Beanstalk的队列进程可能存在重启延迟，旧进程仍在使用旧缓存。可以在视图缓存生成后再执行queue:restart，或者通过Elastic Beanstalk控制台手动重启应用环境，确保所有进程加载最新的视图缓存。

3. 检查并修复视图文件权限 #

部署后确认视图文件及目录的权限，确保队列进程和Web服务器有读取权限。在部署脚本中添加权限设置命令：

sudo chmod -R 755 resources/views
sudo chmod 644 resources/views/emails/user-verification.blade.php

4. 理解自动恢复的原因 #

30分钟后错误消失，是因为当视图被访问时，Laravel会自动重新生成视图缓存。部署后缺失缓存的这段时间，首次访问视图会失败，直到缓存重新生成。调整命令顺序后可以避免这个问题。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Navneet Pratap