使用SSMA导入Access数据库时出现DLL初始化错误

错误现象 #

在使用SSMA（SQL Server Migration Assistant）连接Access数据库时触发以下错误：

Access Object Collector error: Database
Retrieving the COM class factory for component with CLSID {CD7791B9-43FD-42C5-AE42-8DD2811F0419} failed due to the following error: 8007045a A dynamic link library (DLL) initialization routine failed. (Exception from HRESULT: 0x8007045A).
An error occurred while loading database content.

完整日志 #

[Mandatory: Generic] [16268/4] [2022-09-29 21:06:40]: SQL Server Migration Assistant for Access v9.1.22233.1001
[Mandatory: Generic] [16268/4] [2022-09-29 21:06:40]: Starting assembly: SSMAforAccess, Version=9.1.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31bf3856ad364e35
Created: 08/21/2022 14:03:24
Last Modified: 08/21/2022 14:03:24
OS Version: Microsoft Windows NT 10.0.19044.0
OS architecture: x64
Processor architecture: AMD64
Current culture: en-US
UI culture: en-US
[Error: Collector] [16268/20] [2022-09-29 21:06:59]: Access Object Collector: An error occurred while loading database content.
[Error: Collector] [16268/20] [2022-09-29 21:06:59]: Exception: Retrieving the COM class factory for component with CLSID {CD7791B9-43FD-42C5-AE42-8DD2811F0419} failed due to the following error: 8007045a A dynamic link library (DLL) initialization routine failed. (Exception from HRESULT: 0x8007045A).
 site: System.MarshalByRefObject AllocateUninitializedObject(System.RuntimeType)
 source: mscorlib
   at System.Runtime.Remoting.RemotingServices.AllocateUninitializedObject(RuntimeType objectType)
   at System.Runtime.Remoting.Activation.ActivationServices.CreateInstance(RuntimeType serverType)
   at System.Runtime.Remoting.Activation.ActivationServices.IsCurrentContextOK(RuntimeType serverType, Object[] props, Boolean bNewObj)
   at System.RuntimeTypeHandle.CreateInstance(RuntimeType type, Boolean publicOnly, Boolean noCheck, Boolean& canBeCached, RuntimeMethodHandleInternal& ctor, Boolean& bNeedSecurityCheck)
   at System.RuntimeType.CreateInstanceSlow(Boolean publicOnly, Boolean skipCheckThis, Boolean fillCache, StackCrawlMark& stackMark)
   at System.Activator.CreateInstance(Type type, Boolean nonPublic)
   at System.Activator.CreateInstance(Type type)
   at Microsoft.SSMA.Framework.Access.DaoUtils.DaoUtilities.ConnectToDatabaseImpl(String fileName, Boolean readOnly, String password, Nullable`1 workgroupPolicySettings)
   at Microsoft.SSMA.Framework.Access.DaoUtils.DaoUtilities.TryConnectToDatabase(String fileName, Boolean readOnly, String& password, PasswordAsker passwordAsker, Nullable`1& workgroupPolicySettings, WorkgroupPolicyAsker workgroupPolicyAsker)
   at Microsoft.SSMA.Framework.Access.Generic.AccessConnectionUtilities.ConnectToMdbFile(XNode xMdbFile, Boolean readOnly, IUIAskPasswordProvider askPasswordProvider, IUIWorkgroupPolicyProvider workgroupPolicyProvider)
   at Microsoft.SSMA.Framework.Access.Collector.Loaders.MDBFileLoader.LoadChildren(XNode xNode)

环境信息 #

• Office 365：64位
• SSMA for Access：9.1版本，64位（路径C:\Program Files\Microsoft SQL Server Migration Assistant for Access\bin\SSMAforAccess.exe）
• SQL Server 2019 Developer Edition：64位
• 此前曾成功通过SSMA完成导入，近期更换过Office 365注册账号并更新了SSMA版本

已尝试的操作 #

• 修复Office安装
• 卸载并重装SSMA
• 重启电脑
• 注册表搜索CLSID {CD7791B9-43FD-42C5-AE42-8DD2811F0419}，确认对应DAO.DBEngine.120，但多个WOW6432Node下的相关注册表项无值，且无直接关联的DLL引用

解决建议 #

1. 重新注册DAO组件 #

打开管理员权限的命令提示符，执行以下命令（对应64位Office，若路径不符需先找到Office安装目录下的dao360.dll实际位置）：

regsvr32 "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Office\root\VFS\ProgramFilesCommonX64\Microsoft Shared\DAO\dao360.dll"

2. 检查Office Click-to-Run与SSMA兼容性 #

• 打开任意Office应用（如Excel），进入文件>账户>更新选项>立即更新，确保Office为最新版本
• 尝试使用之前成功导入时的SSMA旧版本，新版本可能与Click-to-Run环境存在适配问题

3. 修复DAO注册表项 #

1. 在注册表中找到HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\CLSID\{CD7791B9-43FD-42C5-AE42-8DD2811F0419}（非WOW6432Node路径），确认默认值为DAO.DBEngine.120
2. 检查该CLSID下的InprocServer32子项，确保默认值指向正确的64位dao360.dll路径
3. 若路径缺失或错误，手动修改为实际DLL路径

4. 替代迁移方案 #

若以上方法无效，可绕过SSMA直接迁移：

• 使用Access自带的外部数据>SQL Server导出功能，直接将数据导入SQL Server
• 使用SQL Server的导入和导出向导，选择Access数据源完成迁移

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Katerine459