Hangman项目随机取词报错IndexError：string index out of range求助

我在开发Hangman（猜单词）项目时，尝试从文件中随机选取单词，却出现IndexError: string index out of range错误，以下是我的代码及完整报错栈：

代码 #

import random

WORDLIST_FILENAME = "C:/Users/14237/Downloads/softwear/words.txt"

def loadWords():
    print("Loading word list from file...")
    # inFile: file
    inFile = open(WORDLIST_FILENAME, 'r')
    # line: string
    line = inFile.readline()
    # wordlist: list of strings
    wordlist = line.split()
    print("  ", len(wordlist), "words loaded.")
    return wordlist

def chooseWord(wordlist):
    return random.choice(wordlist)

--------------------------------------
def hangman(secretWord):
    guesses = 8
    lettersGuessed = []
    print("Welcome to the game, Hangman!")
    print("I am thinking of a word that is", str(len(secretWord)), "letters long.")
    while True:
        print("-------------")
        print("You have", guesses, "guesses left.")
        print("Available letters:", getAvailableLetters(lettersGuessed))
        userGuess = input("Please guess a letter: ")
        userGuess = userGuess.lower()
    if userGuess in lettersGuessed:
        print("Oops! You've already guessed that letter:", getGuessedWord(secretWord, lettersGuessed))
    elif userGuess in secretWord:        
        lettersGuessed.append(userGuess)
        print("That is correct!:", getGuessedWord(secretWord, lettersGuessed))
    else:
        guesses -= 1
        lettersGuessed.append(userGuess)
        print("Sorry, that letter was not correct:", getGuessedWord(secretWord, lettersGuessed))
    if guesses == 0:
        print("-------------")
        print("Sorry, you ran out of guesses. The word was", secretWord + ".")
    elif isWordGuessed(secretWord, lettersGuessed) == True:
        print("------------")
        print("Congratulations, you won!")
secretWord = chooseWord(wordlist)
hangman(secretWord)

报错栈 #

IndexError                                Traceback (most recent call last) Input In [74], in <cell line: 27>()
         25         print("------------")
         26         print("Congratulations, you won!")
    ---> 27 secretWord = chooseWord(wordlist)
         28 hangman(secretWord)
    
    Input In [68], in chooseWord(wordlist)
         16 def chooseWord(wordlist):
    ---> 17     return random.choice(wordlist)
    
    File ~\anaconda3\lib\random.py:346, in Random.choice(self, seq)
        344 """Choose a random element from a non-empty sequence."""
        345 # raises IndexError if seq is empty
    ---> 346 return seq[self._randbelow(len(seq))]
    
IndexError: string index out of range

错误原因及修复方法 #

核心原因 #

1. 未初始化wordlist变量：定义了loadWords()函数加载单词列表，但从未调用它给wordlist赋值。当前wordlist要么未定义（理论上触发NameError），要么被错误赋值为空字符串/无效字符串，导致random.choice()将其当作字符串处理，触发索引越界。
2. 单词文件读取不完整：inFile.readline()仅读取文件第一行，若单词分布在多行会遗漏内容；若第一行是空的，wordlist会变成空列表，也会引发错误。
3. hangman函数缩进错误：while True循环后的判断逻辑未缩进，导致循环无限空转，永远不会执行猜字母的核心逻辑。

修复步骤 #

1. 初始化单词列表：在调用chooseWord()前，必须调用loadWords()获取正确的单词列表：

   # 在secretWord = chooseWord(wordlist)前添加
   wordlist = loadWords()
   

2. 修复文件读取逻辑：改为读取整个文件内容，确保获取所有单词，同时用with语句自动管理文件句柄：

   def loadWords():
       print("Loading word list from file...")
       with open(WORDLIST_FILENAME, 'r') as inFile:
           wordlist = inFile.read().split()
       print("  ", len(wordlist), "words loaded.")
       return wordlist
   

3. 修复hangman函数缩进：将循环内的所有逻辑代码缩进，同时添加break退出循环：

   def hangman(secretWord):
       guesses = 8
       lettersGuessed = []
       print("Welcome to the game, Hangman!")
       print("I am thinking of a word that is", str(len(secretWord)), "letters long.")
       while True:
           print("-------------")
           print("You have", guesses, "guesses left.")
           print("Available letters:", getAvailableLetters(lettersGuessed))
           userGuess = input("Please guess a letter: ")
           userGuess = userGuess.lower()
           
           if userGuess in lettersGuessed:
               print("Oops! You've already guessed that letter:", getGuessedWord(secretWord, lettersGuessed))
           elif userGuess in secretWord:        
               lettersGuessed.append(userGuess)
               print("That is correct!:", getGuessedWord(secretWord, lettersGuessed))
           else:
               guesses -= 1
               lettersGuessed.append(userGuess)
               print("Sorry, that letter was not correct:", getGuessedWord(secretWord, lettersGuessed))
           
           if guesses == 0:
               print("-------------")
               print("Sorry, you ran out of guesses. The word was", secretWord + ".")
               break
           elif isWordGuessed(secretWord, lettersGuessed):
               print("------------")
               print("Congratulations, you won!")
               break
   

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Sonicpsycho