如何实现通知跳转至关联页面？（App终止/后台状态适配）

我正在实现通知跳转至关联页面的功能，目前App处于前台时跳转正常，但App在终止或后台状态下无法触发跳转逻辑。我在Home页面的initState方法中通过onMessageOpenedApp监听通知并调用API，相关代码如下：

Firebase Messaging 配置代码 #

Future<void> _firebaseMessagingBackgroundHandler(RemoteMessage message) async {
  RemoteNotification? notification = message.notification;
  AndroidNotification? android = message.notification?.android;
  AppleNotification? apple = message.notification?.apple;
  if (notification != null && !kIsWeb) {
    flutterLocalNotificationsPlugin.show(
      notification.hashCode,
      notification.title,
      notification.body,
      NotificationDetails(
          android: AndroidNotificationDetails(
            channel.id,
            channel.name,
          ),
          iOS: const IOSNotificationDetails()),
    );
  }
}

Future<void> iniciliazarFlutterLocalNotifications() async {
  final NotificationAppLaunchDetails? notificationAppLaunchDetails = !kIsWeb &&
      Platform.isLinux
      ? null
      : await flutterLocalNotificationsPlugin.getNotificationAppLaunchDetails();

  var androidSettings =
  const AndroidInitializationSettings('mipmap/launcher_icon');

  FirebaseMessaging.onBackgroundMessage(_firebaseMessagingBackgroundHandler);

  if (!kIsWeb) {
    channel = const AndroidNotificationChannel(
      'high_importance_channel', // id
      'High Importance Notifications', // title/ description
      importance: Importance.high,
      ledColor: Colors.blue);

    var iOSSettings = const IOSInitializationSettings(
      requestSoundPermission: false,
      requestBadgePermission: false,
      requestAlertPermission: false,
    );
    var initSetttings =
        InitializationSettings(android: androidSettings, iOS: iOSSettings);
    flutterLocalNotificationsPlugin.initialize(initSetttings);

    await flutterLocalNotificationsPlugin
        .resolvePlatformSpecificImplementation<
        AndroidFlutterLocalNotificationsPlugin>()
        ?.createNotificationChannel(channel);

    await flutterLocalNotificationsPlugin
        .resolvePlatformSpecificImplementation<
        IOSFlutterLocalNotificationsPlugin>()
        ?.requestPermissions(
          alert: true,
          badge: true,
          sound: true,
        );

    await FirebaseMessaging.instance
        .setForegroundNotificationPresentationOptions(
      alert: true,
      badge: true,
      sound: true,
    );

    FirebaseMessaging.onMessage.listen((RemoteMessage message) {
      RemoteNotification? notification = message.notification;
      AndroidNotification? android = message.notification?.android;
      AppleNotification? apple = message.notification?.apple;
      if (notification != null && !kIsWeb) {
        flutterLocalNotificationsPlugin.show(
          notification.hashCode,
          notification.title,
          notification.body,
          NotificationDetails(
              android: AndroidNotificationDetails(
                channel.id,
                channel.name,
              ),
              iOS: const IOSNotificationDetails()),
        );
      }
    });
  }
}

HomeScreen 通知处理代码 #

class Home extends StatefulWidget {
  const Home({super.key});

  @override
  State<Home> createState() => _HomeState();
}

class _HomeState extends State<Home> {
  @override
  void initState() {
    super.initState();
    FirebaseMessaging.onMessageOpenedApp.listen((RemoteMessage message) {
      if (message.data.containsKey('idReferance')) {
        Provider.of<CustomerProvider>(context, listen: false)
            .getTrackingInformationList(TrackingInformationFilterRequestModel(
                searchBox: message.data['idReferance']));
      }
    });
  }

  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    return Container();
  }
}

问题原因及解决办法 #

核心问题 #

onMessageOpenedApp仅在App从后台被通知唤起时生效，当App完全终止时，这个监听不会触发——因为此时Home页面的initState还未执行。另外，后台消息处理逻辑里没有绑定通知点击后的跳转业务。

具体修复步骤 #

1. 处理App终止状态下的通知唤起
   在App启动初期（比如main函数或根Widget的initState）调用FirebaseMessaging.instance.getInitialMessage()，它会返回App被终止时点击通知启动的消息，直接在这里处理跳转逻辑：

   // 在根Widget的initState或main函数中添加
   void checkInitialMessage() async {
     RemoteMessage? initialMessage = await FirebaseMessaging.instance.getInitialMessage();
     if (initialMessage != null && initialMessage.data.containsKey('idReferance')) {
       WidgetsBinding.instance.addPostFrameCallback((_) {
         // 确保Provider已初始化后执行API调用
         Provider.of<CustomerProvider>(context, listen: false)
             .getTrackingInformationList(TrackingInformationFilterRequestModel(
                 searchBox: initialMessage.data['idReferance']));
         // 跳转至目标页面
         Navigator.push(context, MaterialPageRoute(builder: (context) => TargetPage()));
       });
     }
   }
   

2. 为后台通知添加点击回调
   初始化flutter_local_notifications时设置onSelectNotification回调，同时在显示通知时传入消息数据作为payload：

   // 修改initialize代码，添加点击回调
   await flutterLocalNotificationsPlugin.initialize(
     initSetttings,
     onSelectNotification: (String? payload) async {
       if (payload != null) {
         Map<String, dynamic> data = jsonDecode(payload);
         if (data.containsKey('idReferance')) {
           Provider.of<CustomerProvider>(context, listen: false)
               .getTrackingInformationList(TrackingInformationFilterRequestModel(
                   searchBox: data['idReferance']));
           Navigator.push(context, MaterialPageRoute(builder: (context) => TargetPage()));
         }
       }
     }
   );
   
   // 修改后台/前台消息的show方法，传入payload
   flutterLocalNotificationsPlugin.show(
     notification.hashCode,
     notification.title,
     notification.body,
     NotificationDetails(...),
     payload: jsonEncode(message.data) // 将消息data转为JSON字符串
   );
   

3. 调整监听时机
   将onMessageOpenedApp的监听移到App初始化的早期位置（比如根Widget），避免因Home页面未加载而错过消息。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Burak Aybi