Gradle构建时org.apache.http库出现重复类错误，寻求解决办法

我在使用Gradle构建Android项目时，遇到org.apache.http相关类的重复定义错误，项目构建失败，但当前依赖组合能满足我对HttpMultipartMode、MultipartEntityBuilder、ContentType、HttpPost、HttpRequestBase、HttpUriRequest这些类的访问需求，需要解决构建问题。

部分错误信息如下：

Duplicate class org.apache.http.HttpHeaders found in modules jetified-httpclient-android-4.3.5.1.jar (org.apache.httpcomponents:httpclient-android:4.3.5.1) and jetified-org.jbundle.util.osgi.wrapped.org.apache.http.client-4.1.2.jar (org.jbundle.util.osgi.wrapped:org.jbundle.util.osgi.wrapped.org.apache.http.client:4.1.2)
Duplicate class org.apache.http.TruncatedChunkException found in modules jetified-httpclient-android-4.3.5.1.jar (org.apache.httpcomponents:httpclient-android:4.3.5.1) and jetified-org.jbundle.util.osgi.wrapped.org.apache.http.client-4.1.2.jar (org.jbundle.util.osgi.wrapped:org.jbundle.util.osgi.wrapped.org.apache.http.client:4.1.2)
Duplicate class org.apache.http.annotation.GuardedBy found in modules jetified-httpclient-android-4.3.5.1.jar (org.apache.httpcomponents:httpclient-android:4.3.5.1) and jetified-org.jbundle.util.osgi.wrapped.org.apache.http.client-4.1.2.jar (org.jbundle.util.osgi.wrapped:org.jbundle.util.osgi.wrapped.org.apache.http.client:4.1.2)
Duplicate class org.apache.http.annotation.Immutable found in modules jetified-httpclient-android-4.3.5.1.jar (org.apache.httpcomponents:httpclient-android:4.3.5.1) and jetified-org.jbundle.util.osgi.wrapped.org.apache.http.client-4.1.2.jar (org.jbundle.util.osgi.wrapped:org.jbundle.util.osgi.wrapped.org.apache.http.client:4.1.2)
Duplicate class org.apache.http.annotation.NotThreadSafe found in modules jetified-httpclient-android-4.3.5.1.jar (org.apache.httpcomponents:httpclient-android:4.3.5.1) and jetified-org.jbundle.util.osgi.wrapped.org.apache.http.client-4.1.2.jar (org.jbundle.util.osgi.wrapped:org.jbundle.util.osgi.wrapped.org.apache.http.client:4.1.2)
Duplicate class org.apache.http.annotation.ThreadSafe found in modules jetified-httpclient-android-4.3.5.1.jar (org.apache.httpcomponents:httpclient-android:4.3.5.1) and jetified-org.jbundle.util.osgi.wrapped.org.apache.http.client-4.1.2.jar (org.jbundle.util.osgi.wrapped:org.jbundle.util.osgi.wrapped.org.apache.http.client:4.1.2)
Duplicate class org.apache.http.auth.ContextAwareAuthScheme found in modules jetified-httpclient-android-4.3.5.1.jar (org.apache.httpcomponents:httpclient-android:4.3.5.1) and jetified-org.jbundle.util.osgi.wrapped.org.apache.http.client-4.1.2.jar (org.jbundle.util.osgi.wrapped:org.jbundle.util.osgi.wrapped.org.apache.http.client:4.1.2)
Duplicate class org.apache.http.client.AuthCache found in modules jetified-httpclient-android-4.3.5.1.jar (org.apache.httpcomponents:httpclient-android:4.3.5.1) and jetified-org.jbundle.util.osgi.wrapped.org.apache.http.client-4.1.2.jar (org.jbundle.util.osgi.wrapped:org.jbundle.util.osgi.wrapped.org.apache.http.client:4.1.2)
Duplicate class org.apache.http.client.RedirectStrategy found in modules jetified-httpclient-android-4.3.5.1.jar (org.apache.httpcomponents:httpclient-android:4.3.5.1) and jetified-org.jbundle.util.osgi.wrapped.org.apache.http.client-4.1.2.jar (org.jbundle.util.osgi.wrapped:org.jbundle.util.osgi.wrapped.org.apache.http.client:4.1.2)
Duplicate class org.apache.http.client.entity.DecompressingEntity found in modules jetified-httpclient-android-4.3.5.1.jar (org.apache.httpcomponents:httpclient-android:4.3.5.1) and jetified-org.jbundle.util.osgi.wrapped.org.apache.http.client-4.1.2.jar (org.jbundle.util.osgi.wrapped:org.jbundle.util.osgi.wrapped.org.apache.http.client:4.1.2)
Duplicate class org.apache.http.client.entity.DeflateDecompressingEntity found in modules jetified-httpclient-android-4.3.5.1.jar (org.apache.httpcomponents:httpclient-android:4.3.5.1) and jetified-org.jbundle.util.osgi.wrapped.org.apache.http.client-4.1.2.jar (org.jbundle.util.osgi.wrapped:org.jbundle.util.osgi.wrapped.org.apache.http.client:4.1.2)
Duplicate class org.apache.http.client.entity.GzipDecompressingEntity found in modules jetified-httpclient-android-4.3.5.1.jar (org.apache.httpcomponents:httpclient-android:4.3.5.1) and jetified-org.jbundle.util.osgi.wrapped.org.apache.http.client-4.1.2.jar (org.jbundle.util.osgi.wrapped:org.jbundle.util.osgi.wrapped.org.apache.http.client:4.1.2)
Duplicate class org.apache.http.client.protocol.RequestAcceptEncoding found in modules jetified-httpclient-android-4.3.5.1.jar (org.apache.httpcomponents:httpclient-android:4.3.5.1) and jetified-org.jbundle.util.osgi.wrapped.org.apache.http.client-4.1.2.jar (org.jbundle.util.osgi.wrapped:org.jbundle.util.osgi.wrapped.org.apache.http.client:4.1.2)
Duplicate class org.apache.http.client.protocol.RequestAuthCache found in modules jetified-httpclient-android-4.3.5.1.jar (org.apache.httpcomponents:httpclient-android:4.3.5.1) and jetified-org.jbundle.util.osgi.wrapped.org.apache.http.client-4.1.2.jar (org.jbundle.util.osgi.wrapped:org.jbundle.util.osgi.wrapped.org.apache.http.client:4.1.2)
Duplicate class org.apache.http.client.protocol.RequestClientConnControl found in modules jetified-httpclient-android-4.3.5.1.jar (org.apache.httpcomponents:httpclient-android:4.3.5.1) and jetified-org.jbundle.util.osgi.wrapped.org.apache.http.client-4.1.2.jar (org.jbundle.util.osgi.wrapped:org.jbundle.util.osgi.wrapped.org.apache.http.client:4.1.2)
Duplicate class org.apache.http.client.protocol.ResponseContentEncoding found in modules jetified-httpclient-android-4.3.5.1.jar (org.apache.httpcomponents:httpclient-android:4.3.5.1) and jetified-org.jbundle.util.osgi.wrapped.org.apache.http.client-4.1.2.jar (org.jbundle.util.osgi.wrapped:org.jbundle.util.osgi.wrapped.org.apache.http.client:4.1.2)
Duplicate class org.apache.http.client.utils.Idn found in modules jetified-httpclient-android-4.3.5.1.jar (org.apache.httpcomponents:httpclient-android:4.3.5.1) and jetified-org.jbundle.util.osgi.wrapped.org.apache.http.client-4.1.2.jar (org.jbundle.util.osgi.wrapped:org.jbundle.util.osgi.wrapped.org.apache.http.client:4.1.2)
Duplicate class org.apache.http.client.utils.JdkIdn found in modules jetified-httpclient-android-4.3.5.1.jar (org.apache.httpcomponents:httpclient-android:4.3.5.1) and jetified-org.jbundle.util.osgi.wrapped.org.apache.http.client-4.1.2.jar (org.jbundle.util.osgi.wrapped:org.jbundle.util.osgi.wrapped.org.apache.http.client:4.1.2)
Duplicate class org.apache.http.client.utils.Punycode found in modules jetified-httpclient-android-4.3.5.1.jar (org.apache.httpcomponents:httpclient-android:4.3.5.1) and jetified-org.jbundle.util.osgi.wrapped.org.apache.http.client-4.1.2.jar (org.jbundle.util.osgi.wrapped:org.jbundle.util.osgi.wrapped.org.apache.http.client:4.1.2)
Duplicate class org.apache.http.client.utils.Rfc3492Idn found in modules jetified-httpclient-android-4.3.5.1.jar (org.apache.httpcomponents:httpclient-android:4.3.5.1) and jetified-org.jbundle.util.osgi.wrapped.org.apache.http.client-4.1.2.jar (org.jbundle.util.osgi.wrapped:org.jbundle.util.osgi.wrapped.org.apache.http.client:4.1.2)
Duplicate class org.apache.http.conn.HttpRoutedConnection found in modules jetified-httpclient-android-4.3.5.1.jar 

我的Gradle配置如下：

android {
    compileSdkVersion 30
    buildToolsVersion "30.0.2"
    useLibrary 'org.apache.http.legacy'

    compileOptions {
        sourceCompatibility JavaVersion.VERSION_1_8
        targetCompatibility JavaVersion.VERSION_1_8
    }

    dexOptions {
        javaMaxHeapSize "4g"
    }

    ...
    defaultConfig {
        applicationId "com.myapp.android"
        //Oreo 8.0
        minSdkVersion 26
        // Android 11
        targetSdkVersion 30
    }
    
    ...
}

dependencies {
    ...
    implementation ('org.apache.httpcomponents:httpclient-android:4.3.5.1') {
        exclude group: 'org.apache.http'
    }
    implementation('org.apache.httpcomponents:httpmime:4.3') {
        exclude group: 'org.apache.httpcomponents', module: 'httpclient'
        ...
    }
   
    implementation'org.jbundle.util.osgi.wrapped:org.jbundle.util.osgi.wrapped.org.apache.http.client:4.1.2'
}

解决方案 #

方案1：排除重复依赖 #

错误根源是httpclient-android和org.jbundle.util.osgi.wrapped.org.apache.http.client两个依赖包含重复的org.apache.http类。修改org.jbundle.util.osgi.wrapped.org.apache.http.client的依赖配置，排除冲突的包：

implementation('org.jbundle.util.osgi.wrapped:org.jbundle.util.osgi.wrapped.org.apache.http.client:4.1.2') {
    exclude group: 'org.apache.http', module: 'httpclient'
    exclude group: 'org.apache.http', module: 'httpcore'
}

方案2：移除冗余依赖 #

检查项目是否真的需要org.jbundle.util.osgi.wrapped.org.apache.http.client:4.1.2。如果核心需求已由httpclient-android和httpmime满足，直接移除该旧版本依赖：

// 移除该行
// implementation'org.jbundle.util.osgi.wrapped:org.jbundle.util.osgi.wrapped.org.apache.http.client:4.1.2'

方案3：强制统一依赖版本 #

如果必须保留两个依赖，在android块中添加冲突解决规则，强制使用httpclient-android的版本：

android {
    ...
    configurations.all {
        resolutionStrategy {
            force 'org.apache.httpcomponents:httpclient-android:4.3.5.1'
        }
    }
}

验证修改 #

执行./gradlew app:dependencies（替换app为你的模块名），查看依赖树，确认重复的org.apache.http包已被排除或统一版本。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者PewK