从Odoo-10升级至Odoo-15时自定义模块安装Server错误求助

问题现象 #

将自定义模块从Odoo v10升级到v15后，安装模块时触发以下错误：

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/odoo/tools/cache.py", line 85, in lookup
    r = d[key]
  File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/odoo/tools/func.py", line 71, in wrapper
    return func(self, *args, **kwargs)
  File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/odoo/tools/lru.py", line 34, in __getitem__
    a = self.d[obj]
KeyError: ('ir.model.data', <function IrModelData._xmlid_lookup at 0x7f93db198a60>, 'web.assets_backend')

During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/odoo/tools/convert.py", line 680, in _tag_root
    f(rec)
  File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/odoo/tools/convert.py", line 658, in _tag_template
    return self._tag_record(record)
  File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/odoo/tools/convert.py", line 567, in _tag_record
    f_val = self.id_get(f_ref)
  File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/odoo/tools/convert.py", line 663, in id_get
    res = self.model_id_get(id_str, raise_if_not_found)
  File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/odoo/tools/convert.py", line 669, in model_id_get
    return self.env['ir.model.data']._xmlid_to_res_model_res_id(id_str, raise_if_not_found=raise_if_not_found)
  File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/odoo/addons/base/models/ir_model.py", line 1943, in _xmlid_to_res_model_res_id
    return self._xmlid_lookup(xmlid)[1:3]
  File "<decorator-gen-35>", line 2, in _xmlid_lookup
  File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/odoo/tools/cache.py", line 90, in lookup
    value = d[key] = self.method(*args, **kwargs)
  File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/odoo/addons/base/models/ir_model.py", line 1936, in _xmlid_lookup
    raise ValueError('External ID not found in the system: %s' % xmlid)
ValueError: External ID not found in the system: web.assets_backend

The above exception was the direct cause of the following exception:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/odoo/addons/base/models/ir_http.py", line 237, in _dispatch
    result = request.dispatch()
  File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/odoo/http.py", line 687, in dispatch
    result = self._call_function(**self.params)
  File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/odoo/http.py", line 359, in _call_function
    return checked_call(self.db, *args, **kwargs)
  File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/odoo/service/model.py", line 94, in wrapper
    return f(dbname, *args, **kwargs)
  File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/odoo/http.py", line 348, in checked_call
    result = self.endpoint(*a, **kw)
  File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/odoo/http.py", line 916, in __call__
    return self.method(*args, **kw)
  File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/odoo/http.py", line 535, in response_wrap
    response = f(*args, **kw)
  File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/odoo/addons/web/controllers/main.py", line 1347, in call_button
    action = self._call_kw(model, method, args, kwargs)
  File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/odoo/addons/web/controllers/main.py", line 1335, in _call_kw
    return call_kw(request.env[model], method, args, kwargs)
  File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/odoo/api.py", line 464, in call_kw
    result = _call_kw_multi(method, model, args, kwargs)
  File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/odoo/api.py", line 451, in _call_kw_multi
    result = method(recs, *args, **kwargs)
  File "<decorator-gen-74>", line 2, in button_immediate_install
  File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/odoo/addons/base/models/ir_module.py", line 74, in check_and_log
    return method(self, *args, **kwargs)
  File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/odoo/addons/base/models/ir_module.py", line 483, in button_immediate_install
    return self._button_immediate_function(type(self).button_install)
  File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/odoo/addons/base/models/ir_module.py", line 600, in _button_immediate_function
    registry = modules.registry.Registry.new(self._cr.dbname, update_module=True)
  File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/odoo/modules/registry.py", line 87, in new
    odoo.modules.load_modules(registry, force_demo, status, update_module)
  File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/odoo/modules/loading.py", line 474, in load_modules
    processed_modules += load_marked_modules(cr, graph,
  File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/odoo/modules/loading.py", line 363, in load_marked_modules
    loaded, processed = load_module_graph(
  File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/odoo/modules/loading.py", line 222, in load_module_graph
    load_data(cr, idref, mode, kind='data', package=package)
  File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/odoo/modules/loading.py", line 69, in load_data
    tools.convert_file(cr, package.name, filename, idref, mode, noupdate, kind)
  File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/odoo/tools/convert.py", line 745, in convert_file
    convert_xml_import(cr, module, fp, idref, mode, noupdate)
  File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/odoo/tools/convert.py", line 811, in convert_xml_import
    obj.parse(doc.getroot())
  File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/odoo/tools/convert.py", line 731, in parse
    self._tag_root(de)
  File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/odoo/tools/convert.py", line 693, in _tag_root
    raise ParseError('while parsing %s:%s, somewhere inside\n%s' % (
Exception

The above exception was the direct cause of the following exception:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/odoo/http.py", line 643, in _handle_exception
    return super(JsonRequest, self)._handle_exception(exception)
  File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/odoo/http.py", line 301, in _handle_exception
    raise exception.with_traceback(None) from new_cause
odoo.tools.convert.ParseError: while parsing None:4, somewhere inside
<data name="web_timeline assets" inherit_id="web.assets_backend">
        <xpath expr="." position="inside">
            <link rel="stylesheet" href="/web_timeline/static/lib/vis/vis-timeline-graph2d.min.css"/>
            <link rel="stylesheet" href="/web_timeline/static/src/css/web_timeline.css"/>

            <script type="text/javascript" src="/web_timeline/static/lib/vis/vis-timeline-graph2d.min.js"/>
            <script type="text/javascript" src="/web_timeline/static/src/js/web_timeline.js"/>
        </xpath>
    </data>

已尝试的操作 #

已在模块的manifest文件中添加静态资源配置，但问题未解决：

'assets': {
        'web.assets_backend': [
            'web_timeline/static/src/js/web_timeline.js',
        ],
        'web.assets_common': [
            'web_timeline/static/lib/vis/vis-timeline-graph2d.min.css',
            'web_timeline/static/src/css/web_timeline.css',
            'web_timeline/static/lib/vis/vis-timeline-graph2d.min.js',
        ]
    }

问题原因与解决方案 #

原因 #

Odoo从v12开始，静态资源加载方式发生重大变化：

1. 不再推荐通过XML继承web.assets_backend这类资源bundle的方式添加静态资源
2. 同时保留XML继承和manifest的assets配置会引发资源加载冲突
3. 若模块依赖未明确声明web模块，会导致web.assets_backend这类外部ID无法被系统识别

解决步骤 #

1. 删除XML中的资源继承代码：找到包含<data name="web_timeline assets" inherit_id="web.assets_backend">的XML文件，将这段代码完全删除
2. 确认模块依赖：在manifest文件的depends列表中添加'web'模块，确保系统加载web模块的资源
3. 重新安装模块：更新模块列表后，卸载旧版本模块（若已安装），再重新安装升级后的模块

验证 #

安装完成后，可查看页面源代码，确认对应的CSS和JS文件路径已被正确注入，验证静态资源是否正常加载。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Bengall