如何在RestAssured中发送指定JSON格式的POST请求？

1. 引入RestAssured依赖（Maven） #

如果用Maven管理项目，先在pom.xml中添加依赖：

<dependency>
    <groupId>io.rest-assured</groupId>
    <artifactId>rest-assured</artifactId>
    <version>5.3.0</version>
    <scope>test</scope>
</dependency>

2. 方法一：直接传入JSON字符串 #

把你提供的JSON作为字符串传入请求体，Java 15+支持文本块，无需转义引号：

import static io.restassured.RestAssured.given;
import static io.restassured.http.ContentType.JSON;

public class PostRequestExample {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        String requestBody = """
            {
               "customer_id":"001",
               "appointment_id":"001",
               "appointment_time":"2022-10-04 00:00:00",
               "submitted_time":"2022-10-04 00:00:00",
               "first_name":"ethinic",
               "last_name":"one",
               "date_of_birth":"1910-10-10",
               "email_address":"test@gmail.com",
               "address_1":"24",
               "address_2":"testtwo",
               "postcode":"abc123",
               "phone":"1234567890",
               "questions":[
                  {
                     "ethnicity":"Other Ethnic Groups - Chinese"
                  },
                  {
                     "do_you_or_anyone_in_your_household_have_a_fever_a_new_persistent_cough_loss_of_taste_or_smell_or_any_other_symptoms_of_covid_19":"No"
                  },
                  {
                     "what_is_the_main_reason_for_your_appointment_with_us":"Eye health concern"
                  }
               ]
            }
        """;

        given()
            .contentType(JSON)
            .body(requestBody)
        .when()
            .post("https://your-api-endpoint.com/appointments") // 替换为实际接口地址
        .then()
            .statusCode(200); // 验证响应状态码
    }
}

3. 方法二：用HashMap构建请求体 #

如果需要动态修改字段值，用HashMap和List构建请求体更灵活：

import static io.restassured.RestAssured.given;
import static io.restassured.http.ContentType.JSON;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;

public class PostRequestWithMap {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        // 构建questions列表
        Map<String, String> question1 = new HashMap<>();
        question1.put("ethnicity", "Other Ethnic Groups - Chinese");

        Map<String, String> question2 = new HashMap<>();
        question2.put("do_you_or_anyone_in_your_household_have_a_fever_a_new_persistent_cough_loss_of_taste_or_smell_or_any_other_symptoms_of_covid_19", "No");

        Map<String, String> question3 = new HashMap<>();
        question3.put("what_is_the_main_reason_for_your_appointment_with_us", "Eye health concern");

        List<Map<String, String>> questions = new ArrayList<>();
        questions.add(question1);
        questions.add(question2);
        questions.add(question3);

        // 构建主请求体
        Map<String, Object> requestBody = new HashMap<>();
        requestBody.put("customer_id", "001");
        requestBody.put("appointment_id", "001");
        requestBody.put("appointment_time", "2022-10-04 00:00:00");
        requestBody.put("submitted_time", "2022-10-04 00:00:00");
        requestBody.put("first_name", "ethinic");
        requestBody.put("last_name", "one");
        requestBody.put("date_of_birth", "1910-10-10");
        requestBody.put("email_address", "test@gmail.com");
        requestBody.put("address_1", "24");
        requestBody.put("address_2", "testtwo");
        requestBody.put("postcode", "abc123");
        requestBody.put("phone", "1234567890");
        requestBody.put("questions", questions);

        given()
            .contentType(JSON)
            .body(requestBody)
        .when()
            .post("https://your-api-endpoint.com/appointments")
        .then()
            .statusCode(200);
    }
}

4. 方法三：通过POJO类构建请求体 #

对于复杂且固定的JSON结构，创建POJO类更规范，便于维护：

定义Question类 #

public class Question {
    private String ethnicity;
    private String do_you_or_anyone_in_your_household_have_a_fever_a_new_persistent_cough_loss_of_taste_or_smell_or_any_other_symptoms_of_covid_19;
    private String what_is_the_main_reason_for_your_appointment_with_us;

    // 生成getter、setter方法
    public String getEthnicity() {
        return ethnicity;
    }

    public void setEthnicity(String ethnicity) {
        this.ethnicity = ethnicity;
    }

    public String getDo_you_or_anyone_in_your_household_have_a_fever_a_new_persistent_cough_loss_of_taste_or_smell_or_any_other_symptoms_of_covid_19() {
        return do_you_or_anyone_in_your_household_have_a_fever_a_new_persistent_cough_loss_of_taste_or_smell_or_any_other_symptoms_of_covid_19;
    }

    public void setDo_you_or_anyone_in_your_household_have_a_fever_a_new_persistent_cough_loss_of_taste_or_smell_or_any_other_symptoms_of_covid_19(String value) {
        this.do_you_or_anyone_in_your_household_have_a_fever_a_new_persistent_cough_loss_of_taste_or_smell_or_any_other_symptoms_of_covid_19 = value;
    }

    public String getWhat_is_the_main_reason_for_your_appointment_with_us() {
        return what_is_the_main_reason_for_your_appointment_with_us;
    }

    public void setWhat_is_the_main_reason_for_your_appointment_with_us(String value) {
        this.what_is_the_main_reason_for_your_appointment_with_us = value;
    }
}

定义Customer类 #

import java.util.List;

public class Customer {
    private String customer_id;
    private String appointment_id;
    private String appointment_time;
    private String submitted_time;
    private String first_name;
    private String last_name;
    private String date_of_birth;
    private String email_address;
    private String address_1;
    private String address_2;
    private String postcode;
    private String phone;
    private List<Question> questions;

    // 生成getter、setter方法
    public String getCustomer_id() {
        return customer_id;
    }

    public void setCustomer_id(String customer_id) {
        this.customer_id = customer_id;
    }

    public String getAppointment_id() {
        return appointment_id;
    }

    public void setAppointment_id(String appointment_id) {
        this.appointment_id = appointment_id;
    }

    public String getAppointment_time() {
        return appointment_time;
    }

    public void setAppointment_time(String appointment_time) {
        this.appointment_time = appointment_time;
    }

    public String getSubmitted_time() {
        return submitted_time;
    }

    public void setSubmitted_time(String submitted_time) {
        this.submitted_time = submitted_time;
    }

    public String getFirst_name() {
        return first_name;
    }

    public void setFirst_name(String first_name) {
        this.first_name = first_name;
    }

    public String getLast_name() {
        return last_name;
    }

    public void setLast_name(String last_name) {
        this.last_name = last_name;
    }

    public String getDate_of_birth() {
        return date_of_birth;
    }

    public void setDate_of_birth(String date_of_birth) {
        this.date_of_birth = date_of_birth;
    }

    public String getEmail_address() {
        return email_address;
    }

    public void setEmail_address(String email_address) {
        this.email_address = email_address;
    }

    public String getAddress_1() {
        return address_1;
    }

    public void setAddress_1(String address_1) {
        this.address_1 = address_1;
    }

    public String getAddress_2() {
        return address_2;
    }

    public void setAddress_2(String address_2) {
        this.address_2 = address_2;
    }

    public String getPostcode() {
        return postcode;
    }

    public void setPostcode(String postcode) {
        this.postcode = postcode;
    }

    public String getPhone() {
        return phone;
    }

    public void setPhone(String phone) {
        this.phone = phone;
    }

    public List<Question> getQuestions() {
        return questions;
    }

    public void setQuestions(List<Question> questions) {
        this.questions = questions;
    }
}

发送请求代码 #

import static io.restassured.RestAssured.given;
import static io.restassured.http.ContentType.JSON;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

public class PostRequestWithPOJO {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        // 创建Question实例
        Question question1 = new Question();
        question1.setEthnicity("Other Ethnic Groups - Chinese");

        Question question2 = new Question();
        question2.setDo_you_or_anyone_in_your_household_have_a_fever_a_new_persistent_cough_loss_of_taste_or_smell_or_any_other_symptoms_of_covid_19("No");

        Question question3 = new Question();
        question3.setWhat_is_the_main_reason_for_your_appointment_with_us("Eye health concern");

        List<Question> questions = new ArrayList<>();
        questions.add(question1);
        questions.add(question2);
        questions.add(question3);

        // 创建Customer实例
        Customer customer = new Customer();
        customer.setCustomer_id("001");
        customer.setAppointment_id("001");
        customer.setAppointment_time("2022-10-04 00:00:00");
        customer.setSubmitted_time("2022-10-04 00:00:00");
        customer.setFirst_name("ethinic");
        customer.setLast_name("one");
        customer.setDate_of_birth("1910-10-10");
        customer.setEmail_address("test@gmail.com");
        customer.setAddress_1("24");
        customer.setAddress_2("testtwo");
        customer.setPostcode("abc123");
        customer.setPhone("1234567890");
        customer.setQuestions(questions);

        given()
            .contentType(JSON)
            .body(customer)
        .when()
            .post("https://your-api-endpoint.com/appointments")
        .then()
            .statusCode(200);
    }
}

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者fareen taj