如何在VSCode中调试Docker-Compose部署的FastAPI+PostgreSQL项目

我想在VSCode中让代码在断点处停止。项目通过Docker-Compose构建，8000端口可正常运行，但调试时遇到问题。以下是我的配置文件及遇到的问题：

docker-compose.yml #

version: '3.4'

services:
  murmurside:
    image: murmurside
    build: ./murmur_side
    command: ["sh", "-c", "pip install debugpy -t /tmp && python /tmp/debugpy --wait-for-client --listen 0.0.0.0:5678 -m uvicorn app.main:app --host 0.0.0.0 --port 8000"]
    volumes:
      - ./murmur_side/:/murmur_side/
    ports:
      - 8000:8000
      - 5678:5678
    environment:
      - DATABASE_URL=postgresql://USERNAME:PASSWORD@db/fastapi_db_2

  db:
    image: postgres:13-alpine
    volumes:
      - postgres_data2:/var/lib/postgresql/data/
    expose:
      - 5432
    environment:
      - POSTGRES_USER=USERNAME
      - POSTGRES_PASSWORD=PASSWORD
      - POSTGRES_DB=fastapi_db_2

volumes:
  postgres_data2:

Dockerfile #

# For more information, please refer to https://aka.ms/vscode-docker-python
FROM python:3.10-slim

EXPOSE 8000

WORKDIR /murmur_side

# Keeps Python from generating .pyc files in the container
ENV PYTHONDONTWRITEBYTECODE=1

# Turns off buffering for easier container logging
ENV PYTHONUNBUFFERED=1

# Install pip requirements
COPY requirements.txt .
RUN python -m pip install -r requirements.txt

COPY . /murmur_side

# Creates a non-root user with an explicit UID and adds permission to access the /app folder
# For more info, please refer to https://aka.ms/vscode-docker-python-configure-containers
RUN adduser -u 5678 --disabled-password --gecos "" appuser && chown -R appuser /murmur_side
USER appuser

# During debugging, this entry point will be overridden. For more information, please refer to https://aka.ms/vscode-docker-python-debug
CMD ["gunicorn", "--bind", "0.0.0.0:8000", "-k", "uvicorn.workers.UvicornWorker", "app.main:app"]

launch.json调试问题 #

测试launch配置时，调试器在数据库相关代码处报错：执行DATABASE_URL = os.getenv("DATABASE_URL")后，DATABASE_URL为空值。配置如下：

{
    "configurations": [
        {
            "name": "Docker: Python - Fastapi",
            "type": "docker",
            "request": "launch",
            "preLaunchTask": "docker-run: debug",
            "python": {
                "pathMappings": [
                    {
                        "localRoot": "${workspaceFolder}",
                        "remoteRoot": "/app"
                    }
                ],
                "projectType": "fastapi"
            }
        }
    ]
}

测试attach配置时，会启动一个随机端口的调试器容器，但访问127.0.0.1:随机端口无响应。配置如下：

{
    "configurations": [
        {
            "name": "Python: Remote Attach",
            "type": "python",
            "request": "attach",
            "connect": {
                "host": "0.0.0.0",
                "port": 8000     # 我也尝试过用5678
            },
            "preLaunchTask": "docker-run: debug",
            "pathMappings": [
                {
                    "localRoot": "${workspaceFolder}",
                    "remoteRoot": "/murmur_side"
                }
            ]
        }
    ]
}

tasks.json尝试调整 #

我参考其他项目的做法，在tasks.json中添加了数据库凭证，但除用户名、密码和数据库名外，其他配置项不确定是否正确——毕竟docker-compose中无需设置这些；另外端口设置可能也存在错误。配置如下：

{
    "version": "2.0.0",
    "tasks": [
        {
            "type": "docker-build",
            "label": "docker-build",
            "platform": "python",
            "dockerBuild": {
                "tag": "sd4timapi_pip_debug:latest",
                "dockerfile": "${workspaceFolder}/murmur_side/Dockerfile",
                "context": "${workspaceFolder}/murmur_side/",
                "pull": true
            }
        },
        {
            "type": "docker-run",
            "label": "docker-run: debug",
            "dependsOn": [
                "docker-build"
            ],
            "dockerRun": {      # 我也尝试过去掉这个部分
                "image": "sd4timapi_pip_debug:latest",   
                "volumes": [
                    {
                        "containerPath": "/murmur_side/",
                        "localPath": "${workspaceFolder}/murmur_side/"
                    }
                ],
                "ports": [
                    {
                        "containerPort": 8000,
                        "hostPort": 8001,  # 因为不允许我用8000：“端口已被占用”
                        "protocol": "tcp"
                    }
                ],
                "env": {
                    "APP_PORT": "8000",           #不确定
                    "DEBUG": "TRUE",
                    "ENVIRONMENT": "local",       #不确定
                    "POSTGRES_USER": "USERNAME",
                    "POSTGRES_PASS": "PASSWORD",
                    "POSTGRES_DBNAME": "fastapi_db_2",
                    "POSTGRES_HOST": "db_host",  #不确定
                    "POSTGRES_PORT": "5432",     #不确定
                    "POSTGRES_APPLICATION_NAME": "sd4timapi_pip_debug", #不确定
                  }
            },
            "python": {
                "args": [
                    "app.main:app",
                    "--host",
                    "0.0.0.0",
                    "--port",
                    "8000"
                ],
                "module": "uvicorn"
            }
        }
    ]
}

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者PierreL